问题性社交网络使用与大学生线上社交焦虑和抑郁症状的关联

Relationship of problematic social networks use, online social anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students

目的 识别大学生问题性社交网络使用的潜在类别,并进一步分析其不同类别与线上社交焦虑和抑郁症状的关联,为制定促进大学生合理使用社交网络的预防措施提供参考。方法 于2021年5—6月,采用方便整群抽样方法选取辽宁省沈阳市3所高校1 082名在校大学生,采用问题性移动社交网络使用问卷(PMSMUAQ)、线上社交焦虑量表(SAS-SMU)和流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)进行问卷调查,并采用潜在剖面分析及稳健三步法对数据进行分析。结果 大学生问题性社交网络使用分为适度使用组(31.98%,346名)、轻度依赖组(49.26%,533名)和深度沉迷组(18.76%,203名)3个潜在类别。多项式Logistic回归分析显示,城市学生在深度沉迷组所占比例更大(OR=1.62,P<0.05);随着每天上网时间的增加,轻度依赖组和深度沉迷组的发生比例上升(OR值分别为1.11,1.20,P值均<0.01)。不同问题性社交网络使用类型大学生线上社交焦虑和抑郁症状检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为188.70,62.60,P值均<0.01),深度沉迷组在线上社交焦虑和抑郁症状上得分更高。结论 大学生问题性社交网络使用存在异质性。为减少线上社交焦虑和抑郁症状的出现,高校教育者和家长应多关注问题性社交网络使用水平较高的学生。

Objective To identify potential categories of problematic social networks use for college students and further analyze the association of different categories with online social anxiety and depressive symptoms, and to provide reference for formulating preventive measures to promote college students’ rational use of social networks. Methods From May to June 2021, 1 082 college students from 3 universities in Shenyang, Liaoning Province were selected by convenient sampling. Students completed the Problematic Mobile Social Media Usage Assessment Questionnaire(PMSMUAQ), the Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users(SAS-SMU) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), the latent profile analysis(LPA) and R3 STEP were used to analyze the data. Results College students’ problematic social network use was divided into three potential categories: moderate use group(31.98%, 346), mild dependence group(49.26%, 533), and deep addiction group(18.76%, 203). Logistic regression analysis showed that urban students had a greater proportion in the deeply addicted group(OR=1.62, P<0.05). The incidence ratios of the mildly dependent and deeply addicted groups gradually increased as daily time spent online increased(OR=1.11,1.20,P<0.01). There were significant differences in online social anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students with different problematic social network use types(χ^(2)=188.70, 62.60, P<0.01), and the deeply addicted group scored higher on online social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusion There is heterogeneity in problematic social network use among college students. And to reduce the emergence of online social anxiety and depressive symptoms, college educators and parents should pay more attention to students with higher levels of problematic social network use.