山东省淄博市2020年白纹伊蚊生态学监测及抗药性现状研究

Ecological surveillance and insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus in Zibo city,Shandong province,China,2020

目的 了解山东省淄博市白纹伊蚊的种群分布、密度、季节消长规律以及幼蚊和成蚊对不同杀虫剂的抗药性现状,旨在为登革热风险评估、预测预警和有效防控提供科学依据,以及为科学合理使用杀虫剂提供依据。方法幼蚊密度监测采用布雷图指数(BI)法和诱蚊诱卵器(MOT)法;成蚊密度监测采用双层叠帐法。抗药性监测采用世界卫生组织推荐的蚊虫抗药性生物学测定方法,即幼蚊采用浸渍法,成蚊采用接触筒法。结果 幼蚊孳生容器中盆景及水生植物的容器指数(CI)最高,为36.46%。BI法和MOT法分别在4月下旬和5月中旬监测到幼蚊,高峰期在8月中旬和7月下旬,10月下旬基本消失。幼蚊监测平均BI为19.98,8月BI最高,达75.00。成蚊6月下旬开始出现阳性,8月中旬达到高峰,10月中旬消失,季节性消长明显。淄博市白纹伊蚊幼虫对残杀威和双硫磷2种常用杀虫剂的半数致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为3.600 0和0.006 0 mg/L,为敏感品系的9.89和3.75倍。成蚊接触0.4%氯菊酯、0.03%溴氰菊酯、0.08%高效氯氰菊酯和0.07%高效氯氟氰菊酯药膜表现为抗性;而对0.05%残杀威、0.2% 虫威和0.2%杀螟硫磷表现为可能抗性;对0.5%马拉硫磷和2%毒死蜱表现为敏感。结论 淄博市白纹伊蚊分布广泛且密度高,存在因输入性登革热病例引发本地流行的风险。淄博市白纹伊蚊幼虫对残杀威和双硫磷已产生抗性,成蚊对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂均表现为抗性。应加强白纹伊蚊密度和抗药性监测,科学合理地使用杀虫剂,有效预防登革热的传播流行。

Objective To understand the distribution, density, and seasonal fluctuation of Aedes albopictus and the resistance of larvae and adults to different insecticides in Zibo city, China, in order to provide a scientific basis for risk assessment, prediction, early warning, and effective prevention and control of dengue fever, and to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and rational use of insecticides. Methods The density of mosquito larvae was monitored by Breteau index(BI) and mosq-ovitrap(MOT) methods. The density of adult mosquitoes was monitored by double-layer net method. Insecticide resistance was detected by bioassays recommended by WHO, including dipping method for larvae and contact tube method for adults. Results Among mosquito larval breeding containers, bonsai and aquatic plants showed the highest container index(CI) of 36.46%. The larvae were detected by BI and MOT in late-April and mid-May,respectively, with the peaks in mid-August and late-July, and almost disappeared in late-October. The average BI of larvae was 19.98, and the highest BI was 75.00 in August. Adult mosquitoes were detected in late-June, peaked in mid-August,and disappeared in mid-October, with obvious seasonal fluctuation. The median lethal concentration(LC50) of Ae.albopictus larvae to propoxur and temephos were 3.600 0 mg/L and 0.006 0 mg/L, respectively, which were 9.89 and3.75 times of the sensitive strain. Adult mosquitoes showed resistance to permethrin(0.4%), deltamethrin(0.03%), betacypermethrin(0.08%), and beta-cypermethrin(0.07%). They were suspected to be resistant to propoxur(0.05%),bendiocarb(0.2%), and fenitrothion(0.2%). They were sensitive to malathion(0.5%) and chlorpyrifos(2%).Conclusion Ae. albopictus is widely distributed and has a high density in Zibo city, which may lead to local epidemics due to imported dengue cases. In Zibo city, Ae. albopictus larvae had developed resistance to propoxur and disulphos,while adult mosquitoes showed resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Surveillance on the density and drug resistance of Ae. albopictus should be strengthened, and insecticides should be used scientifically and reasonably to effectively prevent the spread of dengue fever.