智能岩土工程初探

Intelligent geotechnical engineering

以物联网、现代通讯、大数据、人工智能等技术为核心的第四次工业革命成为了众多研究领域智能化升级的平台,新时代条件下传统岩土工程研究遇到了前所未有的机遇和挑战,岩土工程与最新的信息技术、计算机科学技术相互融合,如建筑信息模型、物联网、人工智能、深度学习、增强现实等可实现岩土工程的智能化转型。研究初步构建了“智能岩土工程”的知识图谱,探索了相应的实现路径,阐述了基于新技术的三维地质建模–物联网–深度学习–扩展现实的岩土工程智能化转型方法;介绍了建筑信息模型(BIM)与地理信息系统(GIS)一体化的三维地质建模、“端–边–云–网”的技术架构、以主动伺服加载系统为代表的岩土工程(深基坑工程)风险主动控制系统;阐明了物联网传感器技术在岩土工程领域的应用情况、虚拟现实与增强现实技术在岩土工程领域的应用现状;分析了人工智能(深度学习)在岩土工程风险预测预警方面的关键作用;构建了未来智能岩土工程的知识图谱,为拟从事智能岩土工程相关的研究人员提供借鉴。

The fourth industrial revolution based on the core technologies of Internet of Things(IoT),modern communication,big data and artificial intelligence(AI)is an upgrading platform for many different research fields.The traditional geotechnical engineering has great opportunities and grand challenges in this new era.Integration of the geotechnical engineering,innovative information technology and computer science technology such as building information modelling(BIM),IoT,AI,deep learning and argument reality can be used to realize intelligent transformation of the traditional geotechnical engineering.The knowledge mapping of the intelligent geotechnical engineering is preliminarily established,and the relevant realization paths are investigated.The transformation method for the intelligent geotechnical engineering“3D geological modelling-IoT-deep learning-extended reality”based on the innovative technologies is depicted.3D geological modelling using the fusion of BIM and the geographic information system,the technological frame of“end-edge-cloud-network”and the active risk control for geotechnical engineering(deep excavation engineering)based on the active servo-loading system are introduced.The application status of the IoT sensoring technology visual reality and argument reality in the geotechnical engineering is introduced.The key role of AI(deep learning)in the geotechnical engineering for monitoring and early warning is analyzed.The knowledge mapping of future development of the intelligent geotechnical engineering is proposed,providing advice and guidance for the relevant researchers in the geotechnical engineering.