环境法典基本原则条款构建研究

Research on the Construction of Basic Principle Provisions of Environmental Code

为了克服现行法的不足、体现环境法典的新特点,环境法典基本原则条款应当发展和完善环境法基本原则体系。首先应当筛选《环境保护法》第5条确立的基本原则,合理选择环境保护原则,排除具体的法律原则。其次应当解释现有基本原则的内涵并以可持续发展作为环境法典基本原则体系的内在意义脉络增补若干基本原则,构建完整的、融贯的基本原则体系。依据上述要求,环境法典基本原则条款应当排除综合治理原则和损害担责原则,增加环境利益公平分配原则、风险防范原则和环境责任者负担原则,从而构建以可持续发展为内在意义脉络,保护优先原则、风险防范原则、预防为主原则、公众参与原则、环境利益公平分配原则和环境责任者负担原则相互协作和制约的环境法典基本原则体系。在具体法律表达上,应当采用分别独立规范的形式,通过完整条款对基本原则进行表达,以发挥基本原则条款辅助裁判的功能。

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the current law and to reflect the new features of the environmental code, the basic principle provisions of environmental code should develop and improve the basic principle system of environmental law. First of all, the basic principles established in article 5 of the Environmental Protection Law should be screened to reasonably choose environmental protection principles and exclude specific legal principles. Secondly, we should explain the connotation of the existing basic principles, take sustainable development as the internal meaning of the basic principle system of the environmental code, and then add some basic principles, so as to build a complete and integrated basic principle system. According to the above requirements, the basic principle provisions of the environmental code should exclude the principles of conducting comprehensive treatment and enforcing accountability for damage, and add the principle of fair distribution of environmental benefits, precautionary principle and the principle of burden on those responsible for the environment. In this way, the basic principle system of the environmental code are constructed with sustainable development as the inner meaning, with the principle of giving priority to protection, precautionary principle, the principle of focusing on prevention, the principle of engaging the general public, the principle of fair distribution of environmental benefits and the principle of burden on those responsible for the environment coordinating and restricting each other. In terms of specific legal expression, the basic principles should be expressed in the form of separate and independent norms through complete articles in order to facilitate adjudication.