中国特色刑法域外适用规则的问题与完善

The Problem and Improvement of Extraterritorial Application Rules of Criminal Law with Chinese Characteristics

近年来,西方个别国家频繁利用其刑法追诉外国公民或实体,使刑法的域外适用和效力问题成为焦点,也凸显出我国刑法域外效力规则不足、管辖范围过窄、责任模糊等问题。同时,我国已缔结或加入的国际条约之域外效力条款在本土刑法中转化滞后,远未满足国内日益增长的依托刑法调整对外关系之需,还导致刑法效力范围拓展受阻或域外执行缺位、错位等后果。对此,我国亟需立足国情“对症下药”,加快完善中国特色的刑法域外适用规则,在联合国文件框架下,基于国际法规则,适度扩张刑法的域外效力范围,以利于依法惩治域外侵犯我国国家利益和公民权益之犯罪,切实履行我国承诺的国际条约义务。

In recent years, several western countries have frequently used their criminal laws to prosecute foreign citizens or entities, which makes the problems of the extraterritorial application and effect of criminal law become the focus, and also highlights the problems of insufficient extraterritorial effect rules, narrow jurisdiction and ambiguous liability of the criminal law in our country. At the same time, the transformation of extraterritorial provisions of international treaties that China has concluded or acceded to lags behind in domestic criminal law, which does not meet the ever-growing need to adjust foreign relations relying on criminal law and leads to the consequences such as the blocked expansion of the scope of criminal law effectiveness and absence of extraterritorial enforcement. In this regard, it is urgent for China to adopt measures based on national conditions, promote the improvement of extraterritorial application rules of criminal law with Chinese characteristics, and appropriately expand the extraterritorial scope of criminal law based on the rules of international law under the framework of UN documents, so as to punish extraterritorial crimes against China’s national interests and citizens’ rights and interests according to law, and earnestly fulfill international treaty obligations.