“猫头鹰”:一种技术决策制度的新构想

“Owls”:A New Idea of Technological Decision-Making Institution

在科学研究的第三波论域中,科林斯和埃文斯构想了一种名为“猫头鹰”的技术决策制度。“猫头鹰”制度以选择现代主义为思想基础,旨在解决第二波遗留的“延伸问题”。“猫头鹰”制度克服了以往技术决策制度的明显不足,其最大的特点是将“未经认证的专家”和STS学者纳入技术决策过程,且要求STS学者在技术决策的技术阶段发挥重要作用。“猫头鹰”制度面临多重批评。一些批评基于第二波,相应的批评者并未充分理解第三波的理论和立场;另一些批评则切中要害,相应的批评者提出的问题要么是第三波迄今难以回答的,要么存在较大的争议。总之,“猫头鹰”制度是解决“延伸问题”的一条较优思路,也要求STS及其学者对自己的学术角色进行“重新定位”,以便更好地服务技术决策。

In the domain of the third wave of science studies, Harry Collins and Robert Evans conceived a technical decision-making institution named “Owl”. “Owl” institution is based on the idea of choosing modernism, aiming to solve the ‘problem of extension’ left by the second wave. “Owl” institution overcomes the obvious deficiency of the previous technical decision-making institution. Its biggest characteristic is that “uncertified experts” and STS scholars are included in the technical decision-making process, and STS scholars are required to play an important role in the technical stage of technical decision-making. The “Owl” institution has faced multiple criticisms. Some of the criticism is based on the second wave, and the corresponding critics do not fully understand the theories and positions of the third wave;Others hit the nail on the head, responding to critics who raise questions that the third wave has so far struggled to answer, or are far more controversial. In short, the “Owl” institution is a better way to solve the “problem of extension” and requires STS and its scholars to reposit their academic roles so as to better serve technical decision-making.