近代著名翻译家法尊法师藏译的《实践论》译文特点

On the Features of the Tibetan Translation of Lag-Len-Gyi-rNam-gZhag by the Famous Han Translator Blo-bZang-Chos-vPhags

法尊法师是近代著名的汉藏、藏汉翻译家。法尊法师两次入藏学习《菩提道次第广论》《密宗道次第广论》等藏传佛教经论,翻译完成《大毗婆沙论》《菩提道次第广论》《密宗道次第论》《辨了不了义善说藏论》等珍贵文献。后主持北京菩提学会翻译组,受命为国家民委翻译政府文件。到1954年他将《论人民民主专政》《新民主主义论》《社会发展史》等从汉文翻译成藏文,显示了精湛的藏文翻译水平。法师精通汉藏文化,为沟通汉藏文化、促进汉藏文化交流献出了自己的一生,起到了十分重要的作用。纵观法尊法师一生,普遍受到藏、汉两地佛教界的高度赞扬,被誉为“现代玄奘”。从翻译批评理论的视角,通过法尊法师翻译成藏文的《实践论》原文译文两种文本对照,探讨了法尊法师《实践论》译本的四大特点,即深度的原文理解、精湛的藏文表达、多元的翻译方法和适当的语境处理等,认为法尊法师的藏译有助于今后广大群众学习马克思主义哲学,同时对汉藏翻译工作者翻译哲学著作及政策文件均有一定的启发性和借鉴价值,也为现代汉藏公文翻译的实践和理论尊定了基础。

The great Dharma Master known as Blo-bZang-Chos-vPhags is a famous Chinese-Tibetan and Tibetan-Chinese translator in modern times.Blo-bZang-Chos-vPhags went to Tibet twice to study Lam-Rim and sNgags-Rim,and other Tibetan Buddhist scriptures.He also completed the Tibetan translation of Bye-Brag-bShad-mTsho-Chen-Mo and Ye-Shes-La-vJug-Pa.Besides,he translated those masterpieces in Tibetan and Buddhism into Chinese to contribute much to the exchange between Hans and Tibetans.These masterpieces are the great Lam-Rim,sNgags-Rim,mNgon-rTogs-rGyan and the Grammar of dGe-bShes-Chos-Grags and other precious documents.Later,he presided over the translation team of Beijing Bodhi Society and was appointed to translate government documents for the National People’s Commission.By 1954,he would have translated Mi-Mang-dMangs-gTsovi-Srid-gZhung,dMangs-gTso-gSar-Bavi-rNam-Bshad and sPyi-Tshogs-vPhel-Bavi-Lo-rGyus from Chinese into Tibetan,showing a superb level of Tibetan translation.The Master himself is proficient in Chinese and Tibetan culture so that communication between Han and Tibetan cultures and the promotion of cultural exchanges between Han and Tibetan have given their lives and played a very important role.Throughout the life of Dharma Master Blo-bZang-Chos-vPhags’s work,the Tibetan and Han Buddhist circles highly praised it,and he was known as“Modern Xuanzang”.From the perspective of translation criticism theory,through Dharma Master Blo-bZang-Chos-vPhags’s translation into Tibetan by comparing the two versions of the original and translated version of Lag-Len-Gyi-rNam-gZhag,this paper probes into the four characteristics of the translated version of Lag-Len-Gyi-rNam-gZhag by Blo-bZang-Chos-vPhags,namely,deep understanding of the original text and superb Tibetan language expression,multiple translation methods and appropriate context treatment,etc.,and it is believed that Dharma Master Blo-bZang-Chos-vPhags’s Tibetan translation will help the masses to learn to translate Marxist philosophy in the future,at the same time,it has certain inspiration and reference value for Chinese and Tibetan translators to translate philosophical works and policy documents,and it is also a model for the practice of modern Chinese and Tibetan official document and theory translation.