长期护理保险试点政策的特征、问题与路径优化——基于两批29个国家试点城市政策的比较分析

Characteristics,problems and path optimization of long-term care insurance pilot policies——Based on a comparative analysis of two batches of policies in 29 national pilot cities

随着我国人口老龄化加速推进,老年人失能逐渐演进为一个新的社会风险。为此,社会化长期护理保险作为我国传统养老服务体制改革的一项新制度顺势诞生。通过对2016年和2020年两批长期护理保险试点地区政策全面深入地比较分析,研究发现试点政策的保障对象、筹资支付、服务供给以及监督管理四大体系都呈现出各自的特征和问题,因而“十四五”时期需要在扩大覆盖面、拓展筹资渠道、提高给付水平、重视医养结合、完善基金管理、建设“护联网”信息系统、创建技术标准体系等方面优化发展路径。

With the acceleration of the aging of our country’s population,the disability of the elderly has gradually evolved into a new social risk.For this reason,socialized long-term care insurance was born as a new system of traditional elder service system reform.Through the comparative analysis of the two batches of long-term care insurance pilot regional policies in 2016 and 2020,the paper found that the four major systems of the pilot policy’s guarantee object,financing and payment,service supply,and supervision and management all present their own characteristics and problems.During“the Fourteenth-Five Plan”,it is necessary to optimize the development path in terms of expanding coverage and financing channels,improving the level of payment,the integration of medical and care,improving fund management,building a“nursing network”information system,and creating a technical standard system.