工业机器人、管理能力与企业技术创新

Industrial robot,management ability and enterprise technological innovation

“机器换人”是制造业高质量发展的推动力量之一,也是引致企业创新能力发生改变的重要技术因素。在此过程中,机器人作为企业创新能力提升的潜在助推剂,其如何发挥作用?运用2018年中国企业—劳动力匹配调查(CEES)数据,考察工业机器人影响企业技术创新的效应机制。实证结果表明:工业机器人显著促进企业技术创新,在控制企业特征等因素的前提下,与没有使用工业机器人的企业相比,使用工业机器人的企业研发支出提高1.21倍,有效专利数量上升22%;进一步机制检验表明,使用工业机器人的企业通过提高管理能力促进了企业技术创新,具体表现为提高了企业管理效率和数字化管理能力、拥有更高技能和更年轻化的人力资本结构。研究验证了工业机器人对企业技术创新的影响效应及作用机制,为企业通过引入工业机器人实现转型升级提供了路径和方法。

“Machine replacement”is not only one of the driving forces of high-quality development of manufacturing industry,but also an key factor of enterprise innovation ability.In this process,can robots improve the innovation ability of enterprises?We use the data of China Employer—Employee Survey(CEES)in 2018 to investigate the effect mechanism of robots on enterprise innovation.The empirical results show that robots significantly promotes enterprise innovation.On the premise of controlling enterprise characteristics and other factors,the R&D expenditure of enterprises using industrial robots increases by 1.21 times and the effective patents increases by 22%;Further mechanism test shows industrial robots promote enterprise innovation by improving management ability,which is specifically reflected in improving enterprise management efficiency and digital management ability.We verify the impact effect and mechanism of industrial robots on enterprise innovation,and provide a path and method for enterprises to realize transformation and upgrading by introducing industrial robots.