外圈滚道损伤位置对高速列车轴箱轴承动力学行为的影响分析

Influence of the damage position of outer ring raceway on the dynamic behavior of axle box bearing of high-speed train

为了探究轴承产生故障时其内部元件间的运动规律,以高速列车轴箱轴承为研究对象,采用多体动力学分析软件ADAMS建立了外圈滚道剥离故障的轴承动力学模型。模型综合考虑了材料属性、约束、载荷和接触关系等因素,通过铁路轴承综合实验台对试验轴承进行动力学实验并对比部件转速,验证了模型的有效性。通过对外圈滚道不同损伤位置处的轴承进行动力学仿真分析发现:轴承有故障时,滚子与滚道间相邻两接触点的时间间隔变大;轴承故障的存在会加大滚子与滚道间的接触力,进而加剧轴承滚道的损坏;损伤位置位于6点钟时,对滚子打滑起到了抑制作用,滚子打滑率的增大会加剧滚道表面的不均匀擦伤;轴承转速越大,保持架运行越平稳,损伤位置位于12点钟时,对保持架的平稳运行影响不大。研究结果对推动轴承设计和故障诊断技术发展具有一定的理论和实际意义。

In order to explore the motion law of the internal components of the faulty bearing,taking the axle box bearing of the high-speed train as the research object,the bearing dynamic model of the outer ring raceway peeling fault is established by using the multi-body dynamics analysis software ADAMS.The model comprehensively considers the factors such as material properties,constraints,load and contact relationship,and the effectiveness of the model is verified by carrying out dynamic experiments on the test bearing and comparing the rotational speed of the parts on the railway bearing comprehensive test rig.Through the dynamic simulation analysis of the bearings at different damage positions of the outer ring raceway,it is found that when there is something wrong with the bearing,the time interval between the two adjacent contact points between the roller and the raceway becomes larger,and the existence of the bearing fault will increase the contact force between the roller and the raceway,thus aggravating the damage of the bearing raceway.When the damage position is at 6 o’clock,it restrains the roller slip,and the increase of the roller slip rate will aggravate the uneven abrasion on the raceway surface;the greater the bearing speed,the more stable the cage runs;When the damage position is at 12 o’clock,it has little effect on the smooth operation of the cage.