心脏外科主要手术出血患者输血模式

Patterns of Perioperative Blood Transfusion in Patients with Blood Loss during Major Cardiac Surgery

目的了解心脏外科主要手术出血患者的围手术期输血模式,为促进临床合理、规范用血提供数据参考。方法从2015至2016年开展的全国多中心(4家医院)调查中,纳入大血管手术、冠状动脉旁路移植手术、心脏瓣膜手术和先天性心脏病手术患者(≥18岁),描述患者特征及术后结局,探讨其出血情况,围手术期自体、异体血(红细胞、血浆、血小板)的输注模式(比例、输注量及组合方式)。结果术中心脏瓣膜手术自体血输注比例最高(58.84%),而大血管手术自体血输注量最大(722 ml),且异体血术中输注比例(53.28%)尤其是血小板输注比例(39.34%)显著高于其他手术患者。相对异体红细胞,其他成分在各类手术中的输注时机较为集中,其中单独输注血浆比例在术后1 d最高。随着出血量增加,成分联合输注比例逐渐上升为主要的输血方式。结论不同心脏手术类型、围手术期阶段或出血量下,患者的输注模式存在差异,需要在了解现况的基础上进一步研究有针对性的输血实践方案,节约血液并提高患者输血安全。

Objective To investigate the patterns of perioperative blood transfusion in patients with blood loss during major cardiac surgery,so as to provide data reference for rational and standardized blood use.Methods The adult patients(aged 18 years or above)who underwent vascular surgery,coronary artery bypass grafting surgery,heart valve surgery or surgery for congenital heart disease in a national multicenter(four large hospitals)survey in China,2015-2016 were included in this study.We described their baseline characteristics,postoperative outcomes,and in particular,bleeding and patterns of perioperative blood transfusion(autologous and allogeneic,the latter including red blood cells,plasma,and platelet,or a combination of these components).Results Autologous blood transfusion in operation accounted for the highest proportion(58.84%)in patients undergoing heart valve surgery.The patients undergoing vascular surgery had the largest autologous blood transfusion volume(722 ml)and the highest intraoperative transfusion proportion of allogeneic blood(53.28%),especially that of platelet(39.34%).Compared with the transfusion of red blood cells,the transfusion of other blood components showed concentrated time distribution,and the proportion of plasma transfusion was the highest one day post operation.With the increase in bleeding volume,combined transfusion presented increased proportion and became the dominant transfusion pattern.Conclusions The blood transfusion patterns varied significantly depending on different types of cardiac surgery,different perioperative stages,and different bleeding volumes.It is necessary to formulate the targeted transfusion practice scheme on the basis of understanding the current situation,so as to make better use of blood resources and improve the safety of transfusion.