微织构刀具三维超声振动车削304不锈钢研究

Research on Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration Turning of 304 Stainless Steel with Micro-texture Tools

为了提高304不锈钢加工效果,减小切削力,延长刀具寿命,提出一种微织构刀具与三维超声振动复合的车削工艺.分别利用减摩特性与断续切削特性,根据正交切削模型,从变切深与微织构刀具接触面积减小的角度建立普通刀具与微织构刀具三维超声振动车削的切削力模型.通过车削304不锈钢的单因素实验研究各切削参数对主切削力的影响规律并对比刀具磨损,通过正交实验研究最佳切削参数组合.结果表明:相对于普通刀具,微织构刀具的主切削力降低30%~40%;磨损程度平均降低11.50%;对于减小切削合力,最佳的切削参数组合为:切削深度为0.1 mm,进给量为0.08 mm/r,主轴转速为250 r/min.

In order to improve the machining effect of 304 stainless steel, reduce the cutting force and prolong the tool life, a turning process combining micro-texture tools and three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration is proposed. Based on the orthogonal cutting model, the cutting force model for three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration turning of ordinary tools and micro-texture tools are established from the perspective of variable depth of cut and reduced contact area of micro-texture tools, using the friction reduction and interrupted cutting characteristics, respectively. The influence of various cutting parameters on the main cutting force was studied through the single-factor experiment of turning 304 stainless steel and comparing the tool wear. The optimal cutting parameter combination was studied through the orthogonal experiments. The results showed that compared with ordinary tools, the main cutting force of the micro-texture tool was reduced by 30%~40%;the wear degree was reduced by 11.50% on average;for reducing the cutting combined force, the best combination of cutting parameters is that the cutting depth is 0.1 mm, the feed rate is 0.08 mm/r, and the spindle speed is 250 r/min.