生态安全格局视角下村庄用地减量地块识别与分区

Recognition and zoning of the reduced plot of village land from the perspective of ecological security pattern

村庄用地减量地块的科学识别和类型分区是编制村庄规划和建设用地减量规划的基础。该研究以北京市密云区为例,基于土地利用、兴趣点和社会经济统计等多源数据,在构建区域生态安全格局的基础上,从生态安全性、空间稳定性、发展适宜性3个维度,构建村庄用地减量地块识别评价指标体系并对其进行评价,根据评价结果确定减量地块,借助三维魔方图解法对减量地块进行类型划分与分区,并提出减量策略。结果表明:1)密云区生境质量的分布具有明显的区域性聚集分布特征,筛选出生态源地781.65km^(2)和15条生态廊道,综合构建密云区生态安全格局;2)密云区村庄用地减量地块识别评价分值内部差异较大,空间上呈现出东北高、西南低的特点。通过综合评价法确定密云区减量地块面积789.84hm^(2);3)采用三维魔方图解法将村庄用地减量地块划分为近期减量区(生态-空间减量型、生态-发展减量型、空间-发展减量型)、中期减量区(生态安全减量型、空间稳定减量型、发展适宜减量型)、远期减量区(综合减量型)共3区7类减量类型,并对不同类型减量地块提出对应的减量措施。研究结果可以为生态涵养区村庄用地减量地块的识别提供科学依据,并为生态涵养区减量、生态保护和区域可持续发展服务。

Recognition and type classification can be performed on the reduced plots of village land for the decision-making on the village and land reduction.The village and construction land can represent the low use efficiency in the economically developed regions of China,particularly with the fast urbanization.It is a high demand for the amount reduction and quality improvement of construction land use.This study aims to explore the quantitative recognition and distinguish of the reduced plot of village land using ecological security patterns,in order to promote the regional ecological civilization construction,as well as regional green and sustainable development.Taking Miyun District of Beijing as an example,the evaluation index system was comprehensively constructed for the reduced plot of village land from three different dimensions of ecological security,spatial stability,and development suitability.A regional ecological security pattern was also established using multi-source data,such as land use,point of interest(POI)and socioeconomic statistics.The reduced plots were then determined after evaluation.Furthermore,3D Rubik’s cube graphical method was used to classify the reduced plots.The results showed that:1)The classification of habitat quality was featured by the outstanding regional aggregation and distribution characteristics.Specifically,the high-value areas were mainly distributed in the north and middle parts of the study area.The land use types were dominated by woodland,grassland,and water area.The low-value areas were mainly in the towns and relatively dense areas in the southwest.The ecological source area was 781.65 km^(2)after screening using the habitat quality assessment,accounting for 35.06%of the total study area.A total of 15 ecological corridors with a total length of 479.11 km were recognized via the minimum cumulative resistance model.As such,the ecological security pattern was formed in the Miyun District.2)There was a great different comprehensive evaluation score for reduced plot of village land.Among them,the high terrain was in the northeast,while the low was in the southwest.The area of reduced plots was 789.84 hm^(2)after a comprehensive evaluation.3)The reduced plots of village land were divided into short-,mid-and long-term reduction areas.The short-term area consisted of three types,such as ecology-space,ecology-development,and spatial-development reduction.A total area of 565 plots covered an area of 213.34 hm^(2)and accounted for 27.01%of the total reduced plots.Three types of reduced plots were the fundamentals action for the amount reduction and quality improvement.The reduction target needed to be prioritized for the reduction.The mid-term reduction area was composed of three types:ecological security,spatial stability,and development suitable reduction,with a total of 565 plots,covering 337.18 hm^(2)and accounting for 42.69%of the total reduction plots.The reduced plots in the mid-term reduction areas occupied a large proportion for the core reduction areas.Some measures should be taken for the plot reduction of villages.The long-term reduction area included one type of comprehensive reduced area,with a total of 209 plots,covering a total area of 239.32 hm^(2)and accounting for 30.30%of the total reduced plots.Special attention should be paid to the economical and intensive use of this part of the reduced plot.A long-term reduction area was gradually recovered as the village land.Finally,some reduction measures were proposed,according to the different types of reduced plots.The findings can provide the scientific basis for the identification and classification of the reduced plots of village land in the ecological conservation areas,in order to serve the reduction of ecological conservation areas,ecological protection and regional sustainable development.