目标差异化导向下南方丘陵地区农村居民点空间重构

Spatial reconstruction of rural settlements in the hilly areas of southern China under the guidance of target differentiation

随着城镇化进程的不断加快,农村居民点面临多元分化和重组。科学划分农村居民点类型,确定不同空间优化模式,对于实现乡村振兴,推进城乡融合发展具有重要意义。该研究以江西省乐平市为例,在筛选丘陵地区优势居民点“扩展源”图斑的基础上,从“三生功能”和规模形态4方面构建农村居民点“扩展源”评价体系,并采用改进引力模型和改进最小累积阻力模型等方法,针对性制定“扩展源”和“非扩展源”两大类居民点的空间重构策略。结果表明:1)根据改进引力模型结果可知,“扩展源”居民点空间引力值在[0.007,1.8]之间,功能辐射和服务能力差异显著;2)研究区西部综合阻力和累积阻力最小,北部和南部因受地形、人口和空间用途管制的影响,阻力偏高。Ⅰ类高等“非扩展源”居民点主要分布于区位条件优越的中西部山间盆地地带,Ⅲ类低等居民点则集中于北部和南部高海拔区域;3)结合“扩展源”居民点引力等级和综合影响力值,划分为城郊融合型、村镇融合型、集聚提升型和重点培育型4类优化模式。根据“非扩展源”居民点布局适宜等级和扩展势力范围的组合关系,确定重点发展型、规模管控型、优化改造型和迁建拆并型4类布局策略。该研究对丘陵山地区农村居民点规划和生活空间优化具有参考价值。

Multiple differentiation and reorganization have occurred in the rural residential areas during urbanization.An accurate classification is of great significance for the types of rural residential areas,in order to determine the different spatial optimization models for rural revitalization and integrated urban-rural development.However,there are quite different natural conditions and development levels of rural settlements in the mountainous and hilly areas of southern China.Taking the Leping City of Jiangxi Province as a typical example,an evaluation system was constructed for the extended source of rural residential areas from four aspects of production-living-ecological function and scale form.The patches were also screened for the advantage of rural residential settlement.An improved gravity model was first established to calculate the spatial interaction and connection degree between the extended source rural settlements.A two-dimensional judgment matrix was then constructed to determine the spatial reconstruction path of extended source rural settlements.Finally,the layout resistance model was constructed to improve the minimum cumulative resistance model.As such,the spatial reconstruction path and strategy were identified for the non-extended source of rural settlements.The results show that:1)There was a better size and shape of the single patch with the high comprehensive influence of extended source in the residential areas,indicating adjacent to cities and towns.However,there was a scattered spatial distribution of the extended source with a low comprehensive influence,indicating the fragmented landscape characteristic area.2)The improved gravity model demonstrated that the gravity value was between[0.007,1.8]for the extended source rural settlements.It infers that there were significant differences in the functional radiation and service capacity.3)The western part of the study area presented the lowest comprehensive and cumulative restriction,while the northern and southern parts were the higher restriction,due to the topography,population,and spatial use regulation.The typeⅠ(the higher non-extended source settlements)was mainly distributed in the intermountain basin of central and western areas,whereas,the typeⅢ(the lower settlements)was concentrated in the northern and southern high-altitude regions.4)The spatial reconstruction paths of rural settlements were divided into four types of optimization modes:suburban integration,village integration,agglomeration promotion,and key cultivation,with an area of 31.92,654.52,283.59,and 1885.82 hm^(2),respectively.The relationship was then established between the suitable level and expanding influence area of the non-extended source residential area layout under the goal guidance of optimization and smart contraction.Four types of layout strategies were also determined:the key development,scale control,optimization transformation,as well as the relocation and demolition type,with an area of 1488.91,3106.91,1113.08,and 172.63 hm^(2),respectively.5)A specific case was selected to verify the spatial layout planning of the village system in the Lingcheng District,Shandong Province(2018-2035).A better agreement was then achieved in the reconstruction type,indicating the strong practical significance.A tradeoff was also obtained to balance the mismatch between the path of spatial reconstruction and the development factors in the residential areas,particularly for the better spatial reconstruction.At the same time,this finding can provide a strong reference for the spatial planning of rural residential area in the hilly areas.