自然作为人之筹划——论霍布斯的科学价值论与认识论

Nature as Man’s Plan:On Hobbes’Theory of Value of Science and Epistemology of Science

将科学理解为人性的自我显露是科学哲学晚近发展的重要解读。夏平和谢弗试图将科学对人性的根本依赖追溯至霍布斯的思想,但并未完全揭示其本人拥有的哲学视野。通过反驳古典科学的理想诉求,霍布斯的科学观以生成性和推论性重塑了知识的展开秩序,强调科学目标旨在实现人类理智的力量。但霍布斯所确立的自然哲学将自然诠释为必须被克服的消极阻碍,理性仅被等同于人使用言辞进行推理的机能。霍布斯的科学进而体现为人类自我意识的承担者,服务于单纯受种种激情所支配的人性。

Understanding science as self-disclosure of humanity is an important interpretation of the recent development of philosophy of science.Shapin and Schaffer attempts to trace science’s fundamental dependence on humanity back to Hobbes’ideas,but has not completely revealed his philosophical vision.By refuting the ideals of classical science,Hobbes’view of science reshaped the unfolding order of knowledge with generative and inferential characteristics,then emphasizes the goal of science is the realization of the power of human reason.But Hobbes’philosophy of nature understands nature only as an obstacle that must be overcome,reason has been equated only with the function of man to calculate.Science in turn has become the undertaker of human self-consciousness,and therefore depend on passions derived from humanity.