库恩与当代科学哲学

Thomas Kuhn and Contemporary Philosophy of Science

库恩是影响最大的科学哲学家,他的《科学革命的结构》也是社会科学研究中被引用最多的书籍。他对社会建构论、女性主义、后现代主义等新思潮都有重要影响。他的“后达尔文式康德主义”在逻辑实用主义传统中起了承前启后的作用;他的著作带来了当代的科学实在论之争;推动了科学哲学界关注科学知识的社会维度;引发了“认知转向”;促进了整合科史哲;也是分支科学哲学兴起的原因之一。库恩提出了第三次相对主义挑战,我们期待新时代的康德,形成哲学史上的第三次高峰。

Thomas Kuhn is the most influential philosopher of science,and his The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is also the most cited book in humanities and social sciences.He has great influence on social constructivism,feminism,postmodernism,etc.Kuhn’s impacts include:his post-Darwinian Kantianism plays a connecting role in the tradition of logical pragmatism;he brings the debate of scientific realism;he urges the philosophy of science circle to pay more attention to the social dimension of scientific knowledge;he triggers the“cognitive turn”;he promotes the integration of history and philosophy of science;his challenge is also one of the reasons for the rise of the philosophy of specific sciences.Kuhn put forward the third challenge of relativism,and we expect a philosopher as great as Kant to form the third peak in the history of philosophy.