医务监督下运动管理对健康成年人身体形态和健康体适能影响的优势分析

Advantage analysis of the impact of physical activity management under medical supervision on the body components and healthy physical fitness in healthy adult population

目的分析医务监督下运动管理对健康成年人身体形态和健康体适能影响的优势。方法选取2020年4月1日—2021年5月31日在四川省人民医院健康管理中心完成体检并参与运动健康管理活动的全体健康成年人106例,采用随机数字表法平均分为监督管理组和自我管理组。两组均按照"线上指导结合线下运动,集体训练结合个人锻炼"模式在同一管理团队指导下干预8周,由团队提供健康教育,运动时佩戴可穿戴设备。监督管理组在团队监督下完成运动锻炼,并进行现场反馈,按要求参加一对一现场指导1次/周;自我管理组根据自我意愿完成运动锻炼,并进行线上反馈,选择参加一对一现场指导1次/周。干预过程中出组6例,最终纳入监督管理组52例,自我管理组48例。采用t检验和Wilcoxon检验进行两组干预前后身体形态和健康体适能指标比较。结果监督管理组总运动次数高于自我管理组(1359比615次),两组运动强度(运动中平均心率、最大心率、运动时间)差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。干预后监督管理组体重、体质指数、体脂百分比、皮下脂肪面积、肌肉适能均显著低于干预前[(55.36±6.37)比(56.11±6.33)kg、(21.48±2.85)比(21.73±2.47)kg/m2、(27.38±5.34)%比(28.53±4.99)%、(119.56±48.45)比(128.70±50.10)cm2、(24.48±6.37)比(26.07±5.29)kg],心肺耐力、柔韧适能、灵敏适能均显著高于干预前[(33.57±5.06)比(30.32±4.59)ml·kg-1·min-1、(14.71±7.51)比(10.54±7.54)cm、(0.44±0.08)比(0.48±0.05)s](均P<0.05);自我管理组体重、肌肉量、去脂体重均显著高于干预前[(56.83±8.09)比(56.45±8.22)kg、(38.28±3.19)比(38.24±5.17)kg、(40.80±4.16)比(40.32±4.95)kg],灵敏适能显著低于干预前[(0.64±0.39)比(0.49±0.05)s](均P<0.05)。监督管理组在内脏脂肪面积、平衡适能、灵敏适能三方面的干预效果均优于自我管理组(均P<0.05)。结论医务监督下运动健康管理可显著改善健康成年人的身体形态和健康体适能水平,提高运动依从性和有效性。

Objective To analyze the advantages of the impact of physical activity management under medical supervision on body components and healthy physical fitness.Methods A total of 106 healthy adults who participated in physical activity management activities in the Health Management Center of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from April 1st 2020 to May 31th 2021 were enrolled.The subjects were equally divided into a medical supervision group and a self-supervision group with random number table.Both groups performed a 8-week physical activity intervention,followed by the model of“a combination of online home physical activity with offline team exercise,and team exercise interaction with individual physical activity guidance”,while health education was provided and wearable devices were worn to collect exercise data.The medical supervision group completed the set number of exercises under the supervision of the team,with on-site exercise guidance.They were required to participate in weekly one-to-one on-site instruction.The self-management group carried out exercises and participated in weekly one-to-one instruction in accordance according to their own will with online feedback.During the study,6 cases withdrew,and 52 cases in the supervision group and 48 in the self-management group were obtained.The t and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the body components and physical fitness of the two groups before and after intervention.Results The amount of exercise in the supervision group was significantly higher than that in self-management group(1359 vs 615),and there was no significant differences in exercise intensity(mean heart rate,maximum heart rate and exercise duration)between the two groups(all P>0.05).After the intervention,the body weight,body mass index(BMI),percent body fat,subcutaneous fat area and strength fitness of the supervision group were significantly lower than those before the intervention[(55.36±6.37)vs(56.11±6.33)kg,(21.48±2.85)vs(21.73±2.47)kg/m2,(27.38±5.34)%vs(28.53±4.99)%,(119.56±48.45)vs(128.70±50.10)cm2,(24.48±6.37)vs(26.07±5.29)kg],while the cardiorespiratory endurance,flexibility fitness and agility fitness were significantly higher[(33.57±5.06)vs(30.32±4.59)ml·kg-1·min-1,(14.71±7.51)vs(10.54±7.54)cm,(0.44±0.08)vs(0.48±0.05)s](all P<0.05).After the intervention,the body weight,muscle mass and lean body mass in self-management group were all significantly higher than those before the intervention[(56.83±8.09)vs(56.45±8.22)kg,(38.28±3.19)vs(38.24±5.17)kg;(40.80±4.16)vs(40.32±4.95)kg],and agility fitness was significantly lower[(0.64±0.39)vs(0.49±0.05)s](all P<0.05).It was also found that improvements regarding the following three indicators were more significant in the supervision group:visceral fat,balance and agility fitness(all P<0.05).Conclusions Physical activity intervention under medical supervision can significantly improve the body components and physical fitness in healthy adults,as well as exercise compliance and validity.