贵州六盘水猕猴桃园实蝇科害虫多样性分析

Population diversity analysis of fruit fly community in kiwifruit orchard in Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province

为明确贵州省六盘水市猕猴桃种植区域实蝇科害虫种类及多样性分布,评估为害风险,为保证猕猴桃产业健康发展提供针对性防控方案,于2021年7月采用性诱剂诱集方式开展实蝇害虫的诱集。调查基本明确了六盘水市主要的实蝇科害虫有6种,均属寡鬃实蝇亚科(Dacinae),其中果实蝇属(Bactrocera)1种,镞果实蝇属(Zeugodacus)4种,寡鬃实蝇属(Dacus)1种;以橘小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)]为最多,总占比72.96%;其次是南瓜实蝇[Zeugodacus tau(Walker)],总占比为12.14%;两者为该市主要优势种。而具条实蝇[Zeugodacus scutellaus(Hendel)]、黑漆实蝇[Zeugodacus scutellaris(Bezzi)]分别占比9.13%、5.69%,为常见种;三点棍腹实蝇[Dacus trimacula(Wang)](0.07%)和瓜实蝇[Bactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillett)](0.01%)均较少。比较7个监测点的Simpson优势度指数D、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H’和均匀度指数(jsw),均以阿戛最低,分别为0.0974、0.2401和0.1732;而全部监测点诱集实蝇的相似性系数(G)在0.5~1之间,表明各监测点实蝇种类为中等相似,甚至极为相似。结合落果培养,表明为害猕猴桃的主要实蝇种类为橘小实蝇。

To determine the species and diversity of Tephritidae pests in the kiwifruit orchards of Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province,evaluate the risk of their damages,and provide targeted control strategies to ensure the quality and healthy development of kiwifruit industry,the Tephritidae pests were continuously trapped in orchards by sex attractants in July,2021.Through investigation,there were six species of fruit flies belonging to Dacinae,including one species of Bactrocera,four species of Zeugodacus and one species of Dacus.The main dominant species was Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel),accounting for 72.96% of the total.The second was Zeugodacus tau(Walker)(12.14%).These two species are the dominant species in Liupanshui City.Z.scutellatus(9.13%)and Z.scutellaris(Bezzi)(5.69%)were common species.Dacus trimacula(Wang)(0.07%)and Z.cucurbitae(0.01%)were less.Diversity analysis showed that the Simpson dominance index(D),the Shannon-Wiener’s information diversity index(H’)and the evenness index(jsw)in the kiwifruit orchard of A’ga township were the lowest(0.0974,0.2401and 0.1732,respectively)among seven monitoring locations.The similarity coefficients(G)were between0.5-1,indicating that all the orchards monitored were moderately similar or even extremely similar.The dominant species of fruit fly pest in the kiwifruit orchards of Liupanshui City was B.dorsalis,combined with the fallen fruit abservation.