元代京畿地区“说唱词话”现象考略

Research on the Phenomenon of“Rap Lyrics”in the Gyeonggi Area of the Yuan Dynasty

元代京畿地区的“说唱词话”现象,包括民间表演活动与书坊文本刊行两个方面。经研究证实,1967年上海嘉定墓葬中出土的13种“说唱词话”,刻印于明成化年间的北京书林永顺堂,其中多有明代重刊的元代作品,而《元史》《元典章》等史料中,对其民间表演活动也有明确记载。元明时期,“说唱词话”现象随着便利的运河交通传播到沿长江流域的省份继续流行。据田野调查显示,留存至今的安徽贵池傩戏,其文本形式与表演程式基本上再现了元代京畿地区“说唱词话”现象的原貌。世易声移,北化为南,这一现象接续了中国古代说唱文学由宋至明的发展脉络,为研究宋元以来说唱文学与民间戏剧相互渗透的关系提供了典型范例,是研究宋元南戏形成轨迹的重要视角。

The phenomenon of“rap lyrics”in the Gyeonggi area of the Yuan Dynasty included two aspects:folk performance activities and book publishing.According to research,13 kinds of“rap lyrics”excavated from the Jiading tomb in Shanghai in 1967 were engraved in the Beijing Shulin Yongshun Hall during the Ming Dynasty,many of which have republished Yuan Dynasty works in the Ming Dynasty,and their folk performance activities are also clearly recorded in historical materials such as Yuan History,Yuan Dian Zhang.During the Yuan and Ming dynasties,the phenomenon of“rap lyrics”continued to be popular with the convenient canal traffic to the provinces along the Yangtze River Basin,and the fieldwork survey showed that the script content and performance program of the Guichi Opera in Anhui Province,which has survived to this day,fully reproduced the original appearance of“rap lyrics”in the Gyeonggi area of the Yuan Dynasty.This phenomenon continues the development of ancient Chinese rap literature from Song to Ming and provides a typical example for studying the relationship between Song and Yuan dynasties and folk drama,and forms an important perspective for studying the formation trajectory of Song and Yuan southern opera.