寒冷地区夏季中小学室内热舒适与空气品质研究

Study on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Air Quality of Primary and Secondary Schools in Cold Area in Summer

教室作为中小学生学习的主要场所,室内环境会对其身心健康造成一定影响,为研究寒冷地区夏季中小学室内热舒适与空气品质,选取寒冷地区某中学为研究对象,对夏季教室内的热环境参数与环境质量参数进行测量,同时调查了325名学生对教室内热感觉和空气品质的主观评价。结果表明:预计热中性温度为24.6℃,实测热中性温度为26.5℃,两者相差为1.9℃,表明在当地的气候条件、衣着习惯、心理期望等因素作用下,中小学生形成了对环境的适应性;通过研究给出寒冷地区中小学生适应性预计平均热感觉(a PMV)。通过学生对最佳学习状态时段投票进行分析,得出在温度稍低的早、晚时段学生认为是最佳学习时段;CO_(2)浓度低,室内空气品质较好,满足国标要求,且室内空气品质越好,对学生学习情况越有利。上述研究结论为中小学教室室内设计提供依据。

Classroom is the main place for primary and secondary school students to learn, and indoor environment will have a certain impact on it. In order to study the indoor thermal comfort and air quality of primary and secondary schools in cold areas in summer, a middle school in cold areas was selected as the research object to measure the thermal environmental parameters and environmental quality parameters in classrooms in summer. 325 students’ subjective evaluation of thermal sensation and air quality in classroom were also investigated. The results show that the predicted thermal neutral temperature is 24.6℃, the measured thermal neutral temperature is 26.5℃, the difference between the two is 1.9℃, indicating that under the influence of local climatic conditions, clothing habits, psychological expectations and other factors, primary and secondary school students have formed the adaptability to the environment. The a PMV of primary and secondary school students in cold area is given, which provides the basis for the parameter standard of interior design of primary and secondary school classrooms. By analyzing the voting time of students’ best learning state, it is concluded that students think the best learning time is in the morning and evening when the temperature is slightly lower. Indoor air quality is good, and CO_(2) concentration is low, which meets the requirements of the national standard. And the better the indoor air quality is, the more beneficial to students’ learning.