论GPS与CAD及无人机等技术在黄河特大型桥梁控制测量中的运用研究

On the Application Research of GPS,CAD and UAV Technology in the Control Survey of the Yellow River Super Large Bridge

获取高精度的地形图测绘数据与数字地形模型,是进行特大型桥梁设计的重要条件。为了消除受距离和气候条件的影响与限制及解决传统几何光学观测效率低等问题,依托阳新黄河特大型桥梁工程,采用GPS定位系统进行控制测量工作,运用无人机航飞技术进行1∶2000地形图测绘;利用三维数字地面模型和公路路线CAD集成系统,对路线方案进行优化比选。通过工程地质调绘,全面了解项目影响区内工程地质条件,为方案比选和工程设计提供地质依据。充分利用地质调绘结果进行路线选线,选择地质条件好,工程量省、平纵指标合理的路线方案进行论证比选,测设工作效率大为提高。从控制网布设、选点及观测站的运用,到不同监测站之间的位置测量、计算出桥梁梁底控制标高,通过GPS测量控制计算获得:梁底标高不得低于72.25米,水位控制的梁底标高不得低于66.93米,航孔跨以通航净空控制的梁底标高不得低于71.93米,带来良好的设计控制效果。

Obtaining high-precision topographic mapping data and digital topographic models are important conditions for the design of super large bridges across the Yellow River.In order to eliminate the influence and limitation of distance and climatic conditions and solve the problem of low efficiency of traditional geometric optical observation,relying on the Yangxin Yellow River super large bridge project,the GPS positioning system is used for control and measurement work,and the drone flying technology is used for 1∶2000 Topographic map surveying and mapping;using 3D digital ground model and highway route CAD integrated system to optimize the comparison and selection of route plans.Through engineering geological survey and mapping,a comprehensive understanding of the engineering geological conditions in the project-affected area is provided to provide a geological basis for plan comparison and engineering design.Make full use of the results of geological surveying and mapping for route selection,choose a route plan with good geological conditions,low engineering volume,and reasonable horizontal and vertical indicators for demonstration and comparison,and the efficiency of surveying and setting work is greatly improved.From the control network layout,selection of points and the use of observation stations,to the position measurement between different monitoring stations,the calculation of the control elevation of the bottom of the bridge beam is obtained through GPS measurement and control calculation:the elevation of the bottom of the beam shall not be less than 72.25 meters,and the water level is controlled.The elevation of the bottom of the beam shall not be less than 66.93 meters,and the elevation of the bottom of the beam controlled by the navigational clearance of the navigation span shall not be less than 71.93 meters,which brings good design control effect.