前蜀永陵出土随葬品文化因素分析

Analysis of the Cultural Factors Reflected by Burial Articles Unearthed from the Yong Ling Mausoleum of the Former Shu Kingdom

前蜀永陵的发掘在中国考古学发展史上具有重要意义,但对其出土随葬品的研究多是从文物的演变与工艺角度进行,对随葬品组合及随葬品所代表的墓葬文化涉及较少。通过梳理永陵随葬品的出土情况,结合同时期的墓葬与历史文献材料,在现阶段已有的学术研究成果基础上,对永陵出土随葬品的文化因素进行分析。前蜀永陵后室石床上的谥宝、谥册、哀册等随葬品传承了唐代帝王礼制,其墓内还根据王建早年的生活经历放置了一些“孤例”的随葬品,也更注重墓葬内的祭拜,发展出以墓主人像为中心的墓内祭祀新形式。

Yong Ling is the mausoleum of Wang Jian who founded the Kingdom of Former Shu(907-925) during the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. The excavation of Yong Ling is of great significance in the history of Chinese archaeology. The burial articles unearthed from Yong Ling, such as the jade belt, jade tablets, jade seal bearing Wang Jian’s posthumous title,various silverware and burnished lacquerware with gold and silver inlay, are all rare royal treasures,among which the stone statue of Wang Jian and the jade belt are rated national treasures. The discovery of them provides us important insight into the ancient imperial mausoleum system.In terms of burial articles, current research is mainly from the perspective of the evolution and workmanship of individual cultural relics. Yet, the combination of burial articles and the funeral culture represented by them are less involved. On the basis of existing research findings, by combing the circumstances during the excavation of the burial articles of Yong Ling, combining tombs and historical documents of the same period, the article analyzes the cultural factors of Yong Ling’s burial articles. It is considered that the jade seal bearing Wang Jian’s posthumous title, the tablets inscribed with the essay offering the posthumous title, the tablets inscribed with the imperial eulogy essay, together with other burial articles discovered on the stone platform in the posterior chamber of Yong Ling, reflect the inheritance of imperial etiquette of the Tang Dynasty. Some unique burial articles were placed in the tomb according to Wang Jian’s early life, while worship inside the tomb was paid more attention, which started a new trend of in-tomb worship centered on the statue of the tomb owner.