“第三种秩序”的破除与个体潜力的激发——论爱默生的美育思想

Breaking of“The Third Order”and Stimulation of Individual Potential:On Emerson’s View of Aesthetic Education

爱默生从19世纪兴盛的“公共学校运动”中,看到了现代教育精细化、统一化对个人独立意识与多种可能的压制,认为其正在建立远离个体与生活的“第三种秩序”。对此,他极力反对并尝试在行动中恢复对个体的审美教育,激发个体的内在潜力,实现个体的不断成长、个性发展,这为当下的美育活动提供了有益参照。但可惜的是,个体行动美育在实践层面难以形成具体的教学方案。

Emerson saw the suppression of individual independent consciousness and various possibilities by the refinement and unification of modern education from the“Common School Movement”which flourished in the 19th century and was building a“third order”far away from individuals and social life.He strongly opposed it,and tried to restore the aesthetic education of individuals in action,to stimulate the inherent potential of individuals and realize the continuous growth and personality development of individuals.His thoughts provide a useful reference for current aesthetic education activities.Unfortunately,it is difficult to develop specific teaching programs on the practical level.