儿童肾移植术后巨细胞病毒感染9例诊治经验

Treatment experience of cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric kidney transplant patients

目的总结单中心儿童肾移植术后巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)感染的发生情况及防治经验。方法回顾性分析2014年5月至2021年7月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院完成移植和/或术后门诊规律随访的104例儿童肾移植受者中,出现CMV感染9例(8.65%)的临床资料。其中,男6例,女3例;中位年龄10岁(3月龄~15岁)。结果9例受者中,采用多克隆抗体进行免疫诱导6例,术前CMV IgG阴性4例。除1例外,余8例均因围手术期肾功能恢复不佳未早期使用抗CMV预防药物。CMV感染中位时间为肾移植术后22 d(7~50)d。9例受者中,7例出现发热、肺炎和腹泻等症状,2例无典型症状。3例受者感染CMV同时并发其他病毒、细菌或真菌感染。3例在感染CMV同时或CMV DNA转阴后出现细胞或抗体介导的排斥反应。9例受者经过注射更昔洛韦或口服缬更昔洛韦治疗后,均痊愈出院,血CMV DNA转阴中位时间为32 d(17~90)d。结论儿童肾移植术后CMV感染风险高,且发生时间较早,应综合考虑CMV感染高危因素,在移植后尽早启动CMV普遍性预防。

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment of cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection in pediatric kidney transplant patients.Methods From May 2014 to July 2021,a total of 9 cases(8.65%)of 104 pediatric kidney transplant recipients were diagnosed with CMV infection in our centre.Retrospective data was collected for these 9 paediatric recipients.The clinical characteristics of the disease,treatment data and outcomes were summarized.Results The median age of the 9 children was 10 years(0.25-15 years),6 of whom were treated with polyclonal antibody for immunity induction.CMV IgG was negative in 4 children before renal transplantation.Only one patient received anti-CMV prophylaxis.The median time from transplant to the diagnosis of CMV infection was 22(7-15)days.Among the 9 children,7 had fever,pneumonia and diarrhea,2 had no typical symptoms,three patients were complicated with viral,bacterial or fungal infections.Acute rejection occurred in 3 patients at the same time as CMV infection or after CMV DNA turned negative.Nine patients were cured and discharged after ganciclovir or valganciclovir treatment.Median time of CMV DNA negative transformation was 32(17-90)days.Conclusions Pediatric transplant recipients are at particularly elevated risk of CMV disease.Antiviral prophylaxis should be initiated early after transplantation.