基础设施对“一带一路”沿线国家企业参与全球价值链的影响

The Impact of Infrastructure on Enterprises’ Participation in Global Value Chain in the Countries along the Belt and Road

基于重新连接亚洲项目数据库和世界银行企业调查数据库,实证分析基础设施对“一带一路”沿线国家参与全球价值链的影响。研究发现:电力和交通基础设施阻碍程度越高,企业参与全球价值链的概率越小,但影响效果具有明显的异质性特征,中小企业、无外资参股企业、基础设施密集度高的行业企业受到的影响更大。影响机制分析表明:交通基础设施阻碍对企业参与全球价值链的影响主要通过影响GVC前向参与率;一国清关效率低将降低基础设施促进企业参与全球价值链的概率,基础设施项目在促进企业参与全球价值链的同时,并未加重企业的税率负担。基于此,沿线各国可抓住“一带一路”倡议的契机,加快推进国内基础设施建设;加强与周边国家基础设施联通建设,构建全方位、多层次、复合型的基础设施网络;加强国内政策规制改革,优化营商环境,提升贸易便利化水平。

Based on Reconnecting Asia Project and World Bank’s Enterprise Survey Data, this paper empirically tests the impact of the infrastructure on on B&R countries’ participation in global value chains. The study finds that the higher the degree of barriers to power and transportation infrastructure, the lower the probability of enterprises’ participating in global value chains. But the impact has obvious heterogeneity characteristics. Small and medium-sized enterprises, companies without foreign equity participation, and enterprises in high infrastructure-intensive industries are more affected. The analysis of the impact mechanism shows that the impact of transportation infrastructure barriers on enterprises’ participation in global value chains is mainly through the impact on GVC forward participation. A country’s low customs clearance efficiency will reduce the probability of infrastructure to promote enterprises to participate in global value chains. While infrastructure promotes enterprises to participate in global value chain, it does not increase enterprises’ tax burden. Therefore, B&R countries should seize the opportunity of “the Belt and Road” initiative to accelerate the construction of domestic infrastructure, strengthen the construction of infrastructure connectivity with neighboring countries and build an all-round, multi-level and composite infrastructure network, strengthen the reform of domestic policies and systems, optimize the business environment and improve the level of trade facilitation.