论王阳明“格物”说的演变及其困境

Studies on the Evolution and the Dilemma of Wang Yangming’s Studying Objects Theory

阳明学说与朱子学之间关联密切,二者的复杂关系也比较典型地表现在对《大学》中“格物”的阐释差异问题上。王阳明格竹失败,固然有其自身误解的原因,却也凸显了朱熹“格物”说本身可能存在的问题,因此王阳明在别创己说后对“格物”有了新的解释,并于随后与同仁的反复辩难中逐步修正完善自己的学说。然而,王阳明“格物”说在自身学说体系中的圆融贯通并不能完全应对基于朱子学传统的质疑。究其根本,其缘由或在于阳明学说对《大学》文本的依托,以及对朱子学传统在某些形式上的借用与转化,而王阳明“格物”说的提出方式,也为我们指示了解决其困境的可能性方向。

The theory of Wang Yangming has close and complicated relationship with the one of Zhu Xi,the complexity between the two theories is typically embodied in the different interpretations to Studying Objects in the Book of Da Xue.Wang Yangming's failure in Comprehending Bamboos is caused by his own misunderstanding but it makes the problems and limits of Zhu Xi's theory of Studying Objects become prominent.Therefore,after Wang Yangming created his own theory,he gave a new interpretation to Studying Objects and gradually revised and perfected his theory through debates with his counterparts.However,the perfect penetration without obstructions of Wang Yangming's theory of Studying Objects in his own theory system can't respond the challenges based on Zhu Xi's theoretical tradition.The root cause is that Yangming's theory depends on the text of the Book of Da Xue,and the formally borrowing and transforming the concepts from Zhu Xi's theoretical tradition.Wang Yangming's method of presenting his theory of Studying Objects show us a possible way to resolve his theoretical dilemma.