三星堆铜扭头跪坐人像发式、服饰及功能的讨论

Studies on the Hairstyle,Clothes-Accessories and the Functions of the Head-Twisting&Kneel-Sitting Bronze Image in Sanxingdui-Relic

三星堆埋藏坑新一轮的发掘出土了很多全新的器物,其中四号埋藏坑出土的三件铜扭头跪坐人像在发式、服饰及用途等方面的特殊性引起了学者的关注。通过对比石家河、三星堆、殷墟、石寨山等文化的人像发式,可知三星堆扭头跪坐人像对应的人群并非三星堆的高层人物,也不是本地人,而可能与东面即长江中游地区存在关联。三星堆和殷墟的人像服饰材料表明这几件人像并非来自本地或中原地区,且身份可能是仆役,但并非最低等级的仆役。参考中山王墓和南越王墓出土的屏风,我们对铜人是屏风底座的猜测进行了进一步讨论,从体量方面排除了该屏风在仪式中围护和衬托神像、神树、铜容器或神坛的可能性,而其为统治者及其家眷坐榻屏风的推测又与坑内器物原为祭祀场合使用的论断存在矛盾,有待进一步讨论。

Many brand-new artifacts have been unearthed in the new-round excavating activities at Sanxingdui Burial Pit,among which the particularities of three head-twisting&kneel-sitting bronze figures unearthed from Buried Pit No.4 in terms of hairstyle,clothes-accessories and the uses have attracted the attention of scholars.By comparing the figures’hairstyles of Shijiahe,Sanxingdui,Yinxu,Shizhaishan and other cultural relics,we can see that the group of people who were represented and symbolized by the head-twisting&kneel-sitting figure-statues have no high-ranking status,nor are they indigenous persons,but may have something with the east,that is,the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.The materials of figure-statues of Sanxingdui and Yinxu indicate that the statues are not from the local or the Central Plains regions,and the people behind the statues may be servants,but not the lowest rank ones.Referring to the screens excavated from the tombs of the King of Zhongshan and the one of the King of Nanyue,and we further explore the speculation from the sizes of the bronze figures and judge that they are the bases of the screen,and exclude the possibility that the screen is used to enclose and set off the idols,sacred trees,bronze sacrificial vessels or altars in rituals.And the conjecture that the screen is used for revolving rulers’or their families’seats is contradictive to the conclusion that the artifacts in the pit were originally used for sacrificial ceremonies,it is still necessary to carry on deep research.