多维视角下民族地区规模性返贫风险的表征、缘由及对策

Representations,Causes,and Countermeasures of the Risk of Large-scale Poverty Return in Ethnic Minority Areas from a Multi-dimensional Perspective

我国实现全面脱贫后,推动巩固全面脱贫成果与实施乡村振兴战略的接续发展是过渡时期的主要任务,而防止发生规模性返贫风险则是其中的关键一环。一直以来,民族地区都是我国组成部分的关键点和薄弱点,也是规模性返贫风险的易发地区。基于多维视角,发现民族地区规模性返贫风险呈现出区域性、群体性、联动性等特征,从生态性、政策性、发展性等因素深度剖析其发生缘由,进而从相应角度提出创新民族地区生态扶贫方式、完善民族地区返贫风险治理政策体系框架、建构民族地区新内生发展模式等针对性对策,以防止民族地区发生规模性返贫风险。

After China has lifted itself out of absolute poverty comprehensively,its main task during this transition period is to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and implement a rural revitalization strategy,and of which the prevention of the risk of large-scale returning to poverty is a key concern.Research further shows that ethnic areas have always been key points or weak points in poverty alleviation in China;they also have been regions prone to the risk of substantial poverty return.This paper intends to study the risk of widespread fallback into poverty return in ethnic minority areas.From the perspectives of ecology,policy,and development,it aims to clarify the characteristics of the risk of across-the-board poverty return in ethnic areas,further analyzes the causes,and proposes corresponding countermeasures,so as to explore how to prevent the risk of large-scale poverty return in ethnic minority areas.The study found that the risk of a massive return to the margins of society in ethnic minority areas presents regional,group,and linkage characteristics.And the reasons for the risk of poverty return on a significant scale in ethnic areas appear to involve three aspects:ecological factors(i.e.the coexistence of ecological vulnerability and poverty vulnerability in ethnic minority areas),policy factors(i.e.deficient risk management policy implementation system in ethnic minority areas),and developmental factors(insufficient endogenous driving force within poverty alleviation households in ethnic minority areas).In view of these three major causes of the risk of ethnic reasons returning to the absolute-poverty list large-scale poverty return in ethnic minority areas,three countermeasures are proposed in this paper to prevent this risk,namely,(1)coming up with new innovating ecological poverty alleviation methods in ethnic minority areas,(2)improving the policy framework for poverty return governance in ethnic minority areas,and (3)building a new endogenous development model in ethnic minority areas,so as to generate maximum joint force to prevent the risk of large-scale poverty return in ethnic minority areas.In conclusion,preventing the risk of large-scale poverty return is a key point for China to achieve the goal of common prosperity and a basic requirement for China to cement and protect the achievement of poverty alleviation and promote rural revitalization strategies.In addition,a large-scale poverty return in the ethnic minority areas may seriously hamper the overall development of China.Therefore,for ethnic minority areas having both poverty vulnerability and ecological vulnerability,joint efforts should be made from the aspects of ecology,policies,and internal driving force so as to effectively prevent the risk of large-scale sliding back into poverty.Concerning ecology,it is necessary to integrate poverty relapse prevention with the prevention of the risk of large-scale return to poverty with the emergency management system,and improve the capacity of public health prevention while improving the ability to avert natural disasters.In the matter of policy,it is necessary to clarify the value and meaning of poverty alleviation policy,update the principle of policy operation and innovate the multi-subject collaborative governance model.Regarding the perspective of endogenous motivation,relevant behavioral subjects should be empowered to promote the formation of maximum synergy of internal and external resources,so as to construct a new and endogenous development mode.