“发现人身上的人”:陀思妥耶夫斯基批评镜像中的同时代俄国作家

“Finding Man on Man”-The Contemporary Russian Writers in the Criticism Discourses of Dostoevsky

陀思妥耶夫斯基的文学批评是在根基派民族文化审美意识主导下,建立在自己丰富文学创作之上的经验之谈,具有非系统性、非逻辑性、未完成性等“作家批评”特点,但这并不妨碍其对同时代俄国作家批评话语上的真知灼见。陀思妥耶夫斯基的批评把作家能否实现“最高意义的现实主义”即“发现人身上的人”作为艺术创作成功的最显著标志。从这一评判尺度出发,陀思妥耶夫斯基认为,同时代俄国文学中或许仅有果戈理、屠格涅夫、冈.察洛夫、涅克拉索夫、托尔斯泰等为数不多的天才作家在创作上接近“发现人身上的人”这一崇高的审美要求。陀思安耶夫斯基批评镜像中的同时代俄国作家是追求艺术俄罗斯性(“全人类性”)意义的审美人道主义者。

Dostoevsky's literary criticism is under the guidance of the national culture aesthetic consciousness of Pochvenicestvo,based on his own rich literary creation experience,with non-systematic,non-logical,incomplete and other“writer criticism”features.But this does not prevent his original viewpoints about many contemporary Russian writers.Dostoevsky's aesthetic humanism,so-calld“highest sense of realism”,needs the writers to put the idea of“finding man on the man”as the most significant sign of success in literary creation.Starting from this criticism principle,Dostoevsky argues that perhaps only a few of contemporary Russian writers such as Gogol,Turgenev,Goncharov,Niekrasov,Tolstoy are close to this dignifed standard.Dostoevsky's critical discourses demonstrated an aesthetic humanitarian ideas of the art,