从共鸣到共同:论俄侨别列列申中国书写中的文化认同

From"Responsiveness"to"Commonality":on the Cultural Identity in the"Chinese Text"of the Russian Emigrant V.Pereleshin

对于20世纪上半叶旅居中国的俄侨来说,其跨域书写不仅关乎介于东西方文化之间的个体生命体验,也与特殊历史境遇下离散族群的文化身份意识密切相关。本文试图以别列列申的中国生活和创作经历为线索,综合其诗歌、文论、译作、书信、回忆录等材料,探勘俄侨诗人作品中文化认同主题的流变。一方面,别列列申扎根于俄罗斯文学经验,对俄侨共同体有一定的文化归属感;另一方面,他也在诗歌中勾勒出蕴含共鸣心态和地方本土意识的中国图景。而翻译中国文学的经历和对东方哲学的深刻思考更使别列列申不断朝向宽广开放的文化视野,体认全人类精神相通的文化价值,从而跨越国族界限,动态构建自我认同。

For Russian writers from the Far Eastern Emigration in the first half of the 20th century,the"Eastern text"not only closely develops in relation to personal life experience,it's also associated with collective identity in the context of the Russian diaspora.This article considers the transformation of the theme of cultural identity in the works of V.Pereleshin,taking into account his poems,articles,translated works,letters related to Chinese culture.On the one hand,the poet was rooted in the Russian literary tradition and felt belonging to the cultural community of emigration;on the other hand,he painted the image of China with special responsiveness and local consciousness in his poems.Experience in translating Chinese literature and assimilation of Eastern culture allowed the emigrant to address the wide cultural world and realize common values around the world,and thereby go beyond the"national narrative"and create a new identity.