论人工智能的道德与法律权利

Moral and Legal Rights of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能在与人的互动中改变了人类的生产生活方式,与此同时,这项颠覆性的技术也给人类社会带来一个新的挑战,那就是它是否能和人一样享有道德与法律权利。人工智能的道德权利有两种含义:一是指作为道德主体的人依据道德规范,在进行与人工智能相关道德行为时给予人工智能一种权利;二是指未来人工智能自己可以成为道德主体时,在道德规范的约束下进行道德行为选择的一种权利。人工智能的法律权利也有两种含义一是指法律本身对人工智能权能或利益做出的规定,人工智能只是客体,就像法律对动物权利的保护一样;二是指当人工智能有机会作为法律关系主体时依法享有的法律权能或利益。未来人类需要提前做好技术反思,不断总结和解决人工智能的权利问题,使得未来人机和谐相处,美美与共。

Artificial intelligence has changed the way of production and life in the interaction with people.At the same time,this disruptive technology also brings a new challenge to human society,whether it can enjoy the same moral and legal rights as people.The moral rights of artificial intelligence have two meanings:one is that people,as moral subjects,give artificial intelligence a right when they conduct moral behaviors related to artificial intelligence according to moral norms;The second is the right of artificial intelligence to choose moral behavior under the constraint of moral norms when it can become the moral subject in the future.The legal rights of artificial intelligence also have two meanings.One is the provisions of the law itself on the rights and interests of artificial intelligence.Telegal rights of artificial intelligence is just an object,just like the protection of animal rights by law.Second,it refers to the legal rights and interests enjoyed by artificial intelligence when it has the opportunity to be the subject of legal relations.In the future,the mankind need to rethink the relationship of human-machine in advance,constantly summarize and solve the problem of artificial intelligence rights,so that the future human-machine harmony,beauty and common.