中古以来上海城内水系详考——兼论江南水乡背景下的城市微观肌理及基层行政空间之生成

A Detailed Research on the Urban River System of the Old Shanghai Town Since the Mediaeval Times

基于江南水乡地区聚落—城镇的形态发生学分析,借助本地特有的近代早期大比例尺实测地图,并通过对相关特定文献的精查辑考,对明中叶筑城前后的上海城市水系提出了较高分辨率的复原方案,进而对当时发生的城市景观升级与城市微观肌理演替做了若干定性检证;同时,还上溯考察了城内水系与保、图等基层行政组织的空间关联与早期历史渊源。试图说明,建立在江南水乡城镇历史形态学认知之上,以形态发生的视角针对性地甄别利用某些特定史料,详细描绘支浜与小河道的近代大比例尺地图,并综合分析传统景观留存较好的近现代局地典型样本,当为最大限度复原城市历史水系之最佳取径。

Based on the morphogenetic analysis of settlements and towns in the Jiangnan water region,this paper proposes a relatively high-resolution restoration scheme for the urban water system of Shanghai before and after the construction of the city in the mid-Ming Dynasty,with the help of the unique local early modern large-scale actual maps,and through a careful examina⁃tion of the relevant specific literature,and then makes some qualitative checks on the urban landscape upgrading and urban mi⁃crocosm evolution that occurred at that time.In this paper,the spatial association and early historical origin of the city’s water system and the grassroots administrative organizations such as Bao and Tu are also examined retrospectively.This paper attempts to show that the best way to recover the historical water system of the city is to build on the historical morphological perception of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River,to screen certain specific historical materials from a morphogenetic perspec⁃tive,to depict in detail the modern large-scale maps of branch waterways and small rivers,and to analyze in a comprehensive manner the typical samples of modern localities where the traditional landscape is well preserved.