从“东方主义”到“东方外交”:范贝里《中亚纪行》中的中亚形象

From Orientalism to Eastern Diplomacy:The Image of Central Asia in Travels in Central Asia by Armini Vambery

匈牙利著名东方学家和语言学家范贝里穿越中亚大陆,探访土库曼部落、希瓦汗国、布哈拉汗国,以亲身经历著有《中亚纪行》,因此闻名欧洲乃至全世界。他的著作中的“东方”“中亚”“伊斯兰世界”形象,具有明显的欧洲人的特点和跨文化认识的局限。他终生所从事的“东方学”研究,其实质具有强烈的“东方主义”。范贝里在19世纪60年代至20世纪初的英俄中亚争霸中扮演了特殊角色,他的著述和公共活动影响了英国的外交政策;并且,有文献证明他与英国政府情报机构保持了特殊关系。他在这一时期的“东方外交”中扮演了特殊角色。

The famous Hungarian orientalist and linguist Vambery traveled across the Central Asian continent,visiting the Turkmenistan tribes,the Khiva Khanate and the Bukhara Khanate,and wrote his Travels in Central Asia with his own experi⁃ence,which made him famous in Europe and around the world.The image of the“Oriental”“Central Asia”and the“Islamic world”in his works has obvious European features and is limited by cross-cultural cognition.His lifelong“Oriental studies”is strongly“Orientalism”in nature.Armini Vambery played a special role in the Anglo-Russian hegemony in Central Asia from the 1860s to the early 20th century,and his writings and public activities influenced British foreign policy.Moreover,there is docu⁃mented evidence that he maintained a special relationship with the intelligence agency of British government.He played a special role in the“Eastern Diplomacy”of this period.