新工科背景下仿生设计在“机械创新设计”课程中的教学实践

Teaching Practice of Bionic Design in the Course of“Mechanical Bionic Design”Under the Background of New Engineering

机械仿生设计是指仿照生物体某个组织或器官的结构设计相应的仿生机械,实现特定的功能,是本科“机械创新设计”课程的重要内容。以一种气流传感器的仿生设计过程为例,展示在课堂学习过程中具体如何进行机械仿生设计的教学过程。对仿生对象-昆虫感受器的材料特性(机械力学性能)、构造和感知原理进行分析,讲解结构和功能的关系,选择合适的智能感应材料进行结构设计,并对仿生结构进行仿真和性能测试,验证仿生设计结果。通过对完整设计实例的学习,可以使学生较快地掌握机械仿生设计概念、设计步骤和设计方法。

Mechanical bionic design is to imitate the structure of a certain tissue or organ of an organism,design the corresponding bionic machinery,and realize specific functions.It is an important content of the undergraduate course“Mechanical Innovative Design”.Taking the bionic design process of an airflow sensor as an example,this paper demonstrates how to carry out the teaching process of mechanical bionic design in the process of classroom learning.Analyzing the material characteristics(mechanical properties),structure,and sensing principle of the bionic object insect receptor,and understand the relationship between structure and function,select appropriate intelligent sensing materials,carry out structural design,simulate and test the bionic structure,and verify the bionic design results.Through the study of complete design examples,students can quickly master the concept,design steps,and design methods of mechanical bionic design.