朱熹融通知识与信仰的思想理路

The Ideological and Rational Ways of Integration Between Knowledge and Belief by Zhu Xi

在朱熹的理学思想体系中,获取知识的直接结果是显示并了解心中的“天理”。“理”是知识的对象,知识是在对万事万物的“理”的认知过程中获得并扩充,扩充知识是完善信仰的过程。因此,在朱熹的知识论思想中,知识与信仰有着共同的对象和目标——“理”。正是在这一认识之上,朱熹倡导涵养、居敬与格物致知、穷理内外并进的工夫,即主体通过致知、穷理等外向工夫,达成从知识积累的“众理”到“一理”的上升与飞跃;通过涵养、居敬等内在工夫则在内心对“天理”的信仰保持虔敬态度,也能对主体获取知识创造条件,从而打通了由现实的具体“理”的知识到超越的终极“天理”的信仰道路,实现了从知识到信仰的融通与飞跃。

In Zhu Xi’s ideological system,the direct result of acquiring knowledge is to show and understand the principle in the mind.Principle is the object of knowledge.Knowledge is acquired and expanded in the process of recognizing the principle of everything,and expanding knowledge is the process of perfecting beliefs.Therefore,in Zhu Xi’s epistemology,knowledge and belief have the same target and goal—principle.It is on this understanding that Zhu Xi advocates the work of both inside and outside spiritual exercises of self-cultivation,respect and investigating things,studying the principle exhaustively,that is,by investigating things and studying the principle exhaustively,the subject can rise and leap from all principles of knowledge accumulation to one principle;and keep the belief of heavenly principle a godly attitude inside,also can create conditions for the subject to acquire knowledge;thus,opening up the road from the concrete principle knowledge of reality to the ultimate and transcendence belief-“heavenly principle”,realizing the integration and leap from knowledge to belief.