认知语言学社会文化与功能转向理论问题探索

A Study of the Theoretical Issues on Social Cultural and Functional Turn of Cognitive Linguistics

在认知层面,人类心智可以进行二元切分,社会文化因素是二元切分的重要组成部分,理应成为认知语言学研究的重要内容。在语言层面,语言符号系统可以切分为“语言知识”和“语言运用”两个层级,社会文化因素与这两个层级之间存在着重要的关联。发展心理学和社会进化理论可以为结构主义语言学和认知语言学提供理论基础,但二者对语言符号系统的论述存在重大差别。话语是语言符号系统的动态部分,是社会建构论者和认知语言学者共同关注的焦点,二者既有区别又有联系。语言符号的社会功能和认知功能之间有着密不可分的关联性,将已有的认知语言学成果应用于语言的功能分析不失为一种融合研究的捷径。

At the cognitive level,human mind can be divided into two sectors.Social cultural factor is one of the important parts and should be one of the important constituents of cognitive linguistics.At the linguistic level,language sign system can be classified into the levels of“language knowledge”and“language use”respectively.There are important connections between social cultural factors and the two levels.Developmental psychology and social evolution theory can provide important theoretical foundation for the structural linguistics and cognitive linguistics,but there exist important differences between the two linguistic schools.Discourses constitute the dynamic part of language system and become the common focus of social constructionists and cognitive linguists,there are connections and differences between the two.There are close relations between the social functions and cognitive functions of language sign system.It is a quick and convenient path to combine the existing cognitive linguistic output and that of functional analysis of language.