新型凝胶泡沫抑制锂离子电池火灾效能研究

Research on Fire Suppression Efficiency of a New Type of Gel Foam for Lithium-ion Batteries

为高效抑制锂离子电池火灾,基于其火灾燃烧特点,开展新型凝胶泡沫的研制及其抑制锂离子电池火灾效能研究。首先,采用Waring-Blender法优选复配发泡剂;其次,测试胶凝剂与交联剂不同浓度时的胶凝时间;然后,确定凝胶泡沫的组分配方并评价其热稳定性;最后,采用自主设计的灭火装置对18650型锂离子电池组进行灭火实验。研究表明:凝胶泡沫材料的最佳配方为“总质量浓度为0.4%的活性剂组合(D∶B=9∶1)为发泡剂,质量浓度为0.3%的J1为胶凝剂,质量浓度为0.7%的J2为交联剂”;凝胶泡沫材料黏度为2652 mPa·s,析液半衰期超过24 h,综合值达到1140630;凝胶泡沫热稳定性能显著,恒温180℃加热10~25 min情况下含水率为92.84%~32.04%;施加凝胶泡沫灭火剂3 s内可熄灭明火,20 s内最大降温359.3℃且平均降温速率为18.1℃/s,有效降低CO和CO 2浓度分别达到48.10%和82.75%。

In order to efficiently suppress lithium-ion battery fires,based on its fire-combustion characteristics,the development of a new type of gel foam and the research on its fire-suppressing efficiency of lithium-ion battery were carried out.First,the Waring-Blender method was used to optimize the compound foaming agent,and then the gelation time of different concentrations of gelling agent and cross-linking agent was tested.Then,the composition of the gel foam was determined and its thermal stability was evaluated.Finally,The fire extinguishing device of the 18650 lithium-ion battery pack was used for fire extinguishing experiments.The research results show that the best formula of gel foam material is:the foaming agent is compounded with D:B=9:1,and the total mass concentration is 0.4%;the mass concentration of gelling agent J1 is 0.3%;the mass concentration of cross-linking agent J2 is 0.7%.The viscosity of the prepared gel foam is 2652 mPa·s,the liquid elution half-life exceeds 24 h,and the comprehensive value reaches 1140630.The thermal stability of the gel foam is remarkable,and the water content is 92.84%~32.04%when heated at a constant temperature of 180℃for 10~25 min.The application of gel foam extinguishing agent can extinguish the open fire within 3s,the maximum temperature drop is 359.3℃within 20 s,and the average cooling rate is 18.1℃/s,effectively reducing the CO and CO 2 concentrations by 48.10%and 82.75%respectively.