亚洲象栖息地恢复与食源地建设——以云南西双版纳国家级自然保护区为例

Habitat Restoration and Food Source Construction of Elephas maximus——A Case Study of Yunnan Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve

在西双版纳国家级自然保护区亚洲象集中活动的栖息地范围,选择莲花塘、小田坝和冷山河3个区域实施栖息地恢复、食源地和硝塘建设等项目,扩大和改善亚洲象栖息地,丰富食物源,引导外溢象群逐步回归保护区内。文中介绍亚洲象种群数量变化情况,栖息地与食源地以及人象冲突现状,阐述项目建设必要性、目标以及建设方案。提出降低森林郁闭度、食源地建设、硝塘建设、监控视频安装等技术措施,并进行了环境、社会和经济影响评价。

In Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve,within the habitat of Elephas maximus concentrated activities,the three areas of Lianhuatang,Xiaotianba and Lengshanhe were selected to implement habitat restoration,food source and nitrate ponds construction to expand and improve the habitat,enrich food sources,guide the spilled elephant herd to gradually return to the protected area.This paper introduced the changes of E.maximus population and the status of habitat,food source and human-elephant conflicts,and expounded the necessity,objectives and construction scheme of the project,as well as put forward measures for habitat restoration such as reducing forest canopy density,building food source areas and nitrate ponds and installing monitoring videos,and carried out the environmental,social and economic impact assessment.