广东省一级古树资源现状及空间分布研究

Current Situation and Spatial Distribution of First-Class Ancient Tree Resources in Guangdong Province

基于广东省古树名木普查,对广东省一级古树的数量、区域分布、树龄结构、树种组成、生长环境特征以及生长状况和权属等进行统计分析。结果表明,广东省有一级古树754株,隶属35科63属82种;科属以桑科、无患子科和樟科占优势,树种以榕树、雅榕、荔枝、樟和银杏为主;空间分布以粤北山区多,东西沿海少,乡村多,城区少;权属以集体为主,树龄主要集中在500~799 a范围,对过半的一级古树采取了保护和复壮措施。古树组成与分布除受自然环境约束外,还受农业种植、植物个体、风水林、宗教与宗祠、开发与迁移等文化要素以及乡土风俗、村规民约和经济价值等因素影响。提出完善古树保护管理法规,实施古树资源动态管理,建立一级古树健康监测管理系统,探索古树生态补偿机制等建议。

Based on the survey of ancient and famous trees in Guangdong Province,this paper statistically analyzed the number,regional distribution,tree age structure,tree species composition,growth environment characteristics,growth status and ownership of first-class ancient trees in Guangdong Province.The results showed that there were 754 first-class ancient trees in Guangdong province,which belonged to 82 species,63 genera and 35 families,dominated by Moraceae,Sapindaceae and Lauraceae,and most of the species were Ficus microcarpa,Ficus concinna,Litchi chinensis,Cinnamomum camphora and Ginkgo biloba;the spatial distribution was mostly in the mountainous areas of northern Guangdong,less in the east and west coasts,more in rural areas,and less in urban areas;the ownership was mainly collective,and the ages of trees were mainly concentrated between 500 and 799 years and more than half of the ancient trees were protected and rejuvenated.In addition to the constraints of the natural environment,the composition and distribution of ancient trees were mainly affected by cultural factors such as agricultural planting,individual plants,fengshui forests,religions and ancestral temples,development and migration,as well as local customs,village rules and regulations and economic values.Therefore,this paper put forward some suggestions,such as improving the laws and regulations of protection and management,implementing the dynamic management,establishing a first-class health monitoring and management system,and exploring the ecological compensation mechanism for ancient trees.