文化抑或制度:农民主体乡村建设模式的实践形态--基于湘、川两地乡村建设实践的案例比较

Culture or System:The Practical Form of the Rural Construction Model With Farmers as the Main Body—Based on the Cases Comparison of Rural Construction Practice in Hunan and Sichuan

坚持农民主体地位是新时代乡村建设的应有之义,也是乡村建设能否成功的关键。基于湘、川两地实地调研发现,以农民为主体的乡村建设存在两种组织路径:文化组织路径和制度组织路径。文化组织路径主要发生在传统文化资源丰富的地区,本质在于村社利用地方传统文化和血地缘网络的团结能力推动农民自主开展建设。制度组织路径主要发生在传统文化薄弱的地区,本质在于政府通过制度建设、资源配置和组织建设来创设农民之间的利益联结机制,进而激活农民的自组织能力。两种路径虽有差异,但内核在于激发农民内在的参与动力,为不同地区寻找合适的乡村建设路径提供了参考。

Adhering to the subjective status of farmers is the due meaning of rural construction in the new era,and it is also the key to the success of rural construction.Based on field investigations in Hunan and Sichuan,it is found that there are two organizational paths in rural construction with farmers as the main body:cultural organization path and institutional organization path.The cultural organization path mainly occurs in areas rich in traditional cultural resources,and the essence of which lies in the fact that the village community’s use of the local traditional culture and the unity ability of the blood and geographical network to promote the independent construction of farmers.The institutional organization path mainly occurs in areas with weak traditional culture,and the essence of which lies in that the government creates a mechanism for linking interests among farmers through system construction,resource allocation and organizational construction,so as to activate farmers’self-organization ability.Although there are differences between the two paths,the core is to stimulate farmers’internal motivation for participation,which provides a reference for different regions to find appropriate rural construction paths.