乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定蔬菜甲醛含量及风险评估

Acetylacetone Spectrophotometric Determination of Formaldehyde Content in Vegetables and Risk Assessment

【目的】建立蔬菜中甲醛含量测定的快速方法,明确蔬菜中甲醛的残留情况,掌握蔬菜中甲醛含量对人群的膳食暴露风险。【方法】采用单因素试验优化关键实验条件,建立蔬菜中甲醛含量测定的乙酰丙酮分光光度法,分析383个蔬菜样品中的甲醛含量,利用点评估的方法结合膳食数据对蔬菜中甲醛的暴露风险进行评估。【结果】乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定蔬菜中甲醛含量的检出限和定量限分别为0.45、1.5 mg/kg,在1.5、7.5、15 mg/kg添加水平下,回收率在86.33%~92.40%,相对标准偏差为2.23%~4.21%;不同蔬菜中甲醛的检出率为5.00%~72.73%,总检出率为26.37%,不同蔬菜的检出平均值在0.47~1.67 mg/kg;不同蔬菜中甲醛含量对一般人群的膳食暴露水平为0.0019~0.068 mg/kg (bw/d),安全限值(MOS)为14.1~289.8,蔬菜中甲醛含量对不同人群的膳食暴露水平为0.0060~0.15 mg/kg (bw/d),MOS在10.1~33.3,所有评估的MOS均大于1。【结论】乙酰丙酮分光光度法能快速测定蔬菜中的甲醛含量,方法操作简便,灵敏度高;蔬菜中甲醛残留量的膳食摄入风险较低,在可接受范围内。

【Objective】The study was conducted to establish a fast method for the detection of formaldehyde content in vegetables, identify the residue level and understand the dietary exposure risk of formaldehyde in vegetables.【Method】The single factor experiment was used to optimize the key experimental conditions, and then a method acetylacetone spectrophotometry for the detection of formaldehyde contents in vegetables was established. The formaldehyde contents of 383 vegetable samples were analyzed and the exposure risk of formaldehyde in vegetables was assessed with point evaluation method.【Result】The detection limit and the quantitation limit for the determination of formaldehyde in vegetables with acetylacetone spectrophotometry were 0.45 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively;At the added levels of 1.5, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg, the recovery rates ranged from 86.33% to 92.4% with the relative standard deviations were of 2.23%-4.21%. The detection rates of formaldehyde in different vegetables were 5.00%-72.73% with the total detection rate of 26.37%, and the average detection values of different vegetables were 0.47-1.67 mg/kg. The dietary exposure levels of formaldehyde contents in different vegetables to the general population ranged from 0.0019 to 0.068 mg/kg(bw/d) with the MOS ranging from 14.1 to 289.8, and the dietary exposure levels of formaldehyde contents in vegetables to different populations were 0.0060-0.15 mg/kg(bw/d) with the MOS ranging from 10.1 to 33.3. All the evaluated values of MOS were greater than 1.【Conclusion】The method of acetylacetone spectrophotometry is simple, accurate and sensitive, which is suitable for the fast determination of formaldehyde in vegetables. The dietary intake risk of formaldehyde residues in vegetables is low and within the acceptable range.