论认罪认罚案件中“无效抗诉”的司法困境及其破解

On the Judicial Dilemma of “Invalid Protest” in Plea Cases and Its Solution

在认罪认罚案件中,检察机关主要针对被追诉人上诉、法院未采纳量刑建议、法院不采纳量刑建议且未通知调整等三种行为提出抗诉。法院作出不支持检察机关抗诉理由的裁判,即为“无效抗诉”。之所以出现“无效抗诉”,是因为我国目前刑事抗诉对象范围有限、无有效规制被追诉人投机行为的措施、未建立健全法院审理认罪认罚案件的模式所致。任由“无效抗诉”的案件出现,会对检察机关、审判机关、被追诉人、制度实施均产生不利影响。为此,应从明确抗诉权行使的原则、行使的方式、行使的配套措施等方面做起,逐步化解“无效抗诉”司法困境带来的不利影响。

In plea cases, the procuratorate mainly lodges protests against three behaviors: the appeal of the accused, the court’s failure to adopt the sentencing recommendation, and the court’s refusal to adopt the sentencing recommendation and failure to notify on adjustment. A court ruling that does not support the procuratorate’s grounds for protest results in an “invalid protest”. The reason for the occurrence of “invalid protests” is due to the limited scope of criminal protest targets in China, the absence of effective measures to regulate the speculative behavior of the accused, and the failure to establish and improve the mode of courts hearing for plea cases. Allowing cases of “invalid protests” to occur will adversely affect the procuratorial organs, judicial organs, the persons being accused, and the implementation of the system. To this end, it is necessary to start by clarifying the principles, methods, and supporting measures for the exercise of the right of protest, and gradually resolve the adverse impact of the judicial dilemma caused by “invalid protest”.