“整天”类时间副词的负面评价表达

Negative Evaluation Expressed by Adverbs of Time Meaning “All Day”

现代汉语表示“整天”或“整年”意思的词语如“整天、整日、成天、成日、终天、终日、镇日、一天到晚、成天到晚”或“整年、终年、长年、一年到头、成年累月、长年累月、整年累月”等,它们最常见的用法是作副词,最常用的意义不是字面的意思,而是表示“天天”“年年”或“长时间地”,同时还发生了主观化,表达言者对命题的负面评价。文章将全面描写这些时间副词的时间义和评价义,并讨论二者之间的关系,以及评价义产生的原因。

In Modern Chinese there are many words and expressions meaning “all day” or “a whole year”, such as “zhengtian, zhengri, chengtian, chengri, zhongri, zhenri, yitiandaowan, chengtiandaowan, zhengnian, chengnian, zhongnian, changnian, yiniandaotou, chengnianleiyue, changnianleiyue, zhengnianleiyue”, etc., which are usually used as adverbs to denote “day after day”, “year after year” or “often” other than their literal meaning. At the same time, subjectiveness has also occurred to express the negative evaluation of propositions. The paper describes the time and evaluation denoted by these adverbs of time, and discusses their interrelationship as well as the reasons for the expression of evaluation.