全面抗战时期东南沿海地区的走私活动

Smuggling in Southeast Coastal Areas during the Total War of Resistance against Japan

全面抗战时期,东南沿海地区的走私活动最为猖獗。这一地区海岸线绵长,湾港纷歧,在地理上有利于与海外进行走私;沿海渔民因战争而破产,不得已而从事走私活动;战时大后方与沦陷区之间物价差距过大,走私有利可图;更为重要的是,日方将走私作为经济战的手段加以利用,一直是走私的策动者,而大后方政治不上轨道,致使走私得不到有效遏制。这一地区投入到走私中的人物是形形色色的,但大私枭是走私的主力,他们多以设立公司的形式集股从事走私活动。走私出口的物品多是各地的工农业特产品,尤以钨砂和桐油为多。走私入口的物品多为日用品、奢侈品甚至毒品。越到战争后期,日方对输入物资的控制越严,有利于民生军用的物资越少。走私的方法大致分公开走私与秘密走私两种,而秘密走私的方法更为繁复。走私的路线极为复杂,据点多在沿海,小据点因战场形势变化旋起旋灭。出口走私规模大于入口走私,利润往往很高。战时走私给大后方带来复杂的影响,但弊大于利。

During the total war of resistance against Japan,smuggling activities in the southeast coastal areas were rampant.With long coastline and a lot of ports,this area is geographically convenient for people to be engaged in smuggling with overseas.Coastal fishermen,bankrupted by war,had no choice but to engage in smuggling;The wartime price gap between the rear and the occupied areas was huge,and smuggling was profitable;and more importantly,smuggling was used by Japan as a means of economic warfare,which always served as the instigator of the smuggling.The political governance in the rear failed to get on track,which couldn’t keep the smuggling within limits.People involved in smuggling varied,but the main forces were big private smugglers who often set up joint-stock companies for smuggling.Most goods to be smuggled in were industrial and agricultural products,especially tungsten ore and tung oil.Goods smuggling out were daily necessities,luxury goods and even drugs.When it came to the later period of the war,Japan’s control over imported materials beneficial for the livelihood and military purposes became more strict.There were roughly two methods of smuggling,the public and secret smuggling with the latter being more complicated.Smuggling routes were extremely complex with most of the bases in the coastal areas,and some small bases vanishing soon after appearance due to the changes of the war situations.The scale of smuggling out were larger than that of smuggling in with higher profits.Wartime smuggling brought complicated effects on the rear area,but did more harm than good.