优秀“高龄”职业网球选手德约科维奇硬地技战术特征分析

An Analysis of The Technical and Tactical Characteristics of Elite “Senior” Professional Tennis Player Djokovic On Hard Courts

本文以ATP男子职业网球协会官网2018-2021年澳大利亚网球公开赛和美国网球公开赛数据为基础,用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法、对比分析法等方法对德约科维奇在2018-2021年澳网和美网大满贯比赛的表现进行观察,分析优秀“高龄”网球选手在发球阶段、接发球阶段以及相持阶段的技战术特征。研究表明:(1)随着年龄的增长,德约科维奇在伤愈复出后技战术特征有明显的变化,与稳定发展阶段相比,复出爆发阶段的技战术运用更加全面和熟练;(2)在发球阶段,德约科维奇不断优化发球技术,从球速、旋转、落点、节奏以及击球方式上增加了发球的变化;(3)在接发球阶段,德约科维奇利用自身优秀的接发球能力从接发球的击球方式和接发球落点变化,增加了接发球的侵略性、危险性,同时减少了接发球阶段的劣势;(4)在相持阶段,德约科维奇利用自身稳定的底线相持能力,在相持中积极寻找进攻机会,不断变化节奏和落点,加强了各项技术和战术的组合运用能力。

Based on the 2018-2021 Australian Open and U.S. Open data obtained from the official website of the ATP Men’s Professional Tennis Association, the research methods of literature, video observation, mathematical statistics, and comparative analysis were used to observe Djokovic’s performance in the 2018-2021 Australian Open and U.S. Open Grand Slam matches and analyze the excellent “senior ” tennis players’ technical and tactical characteristics in the serving phase, receiving phase and holding phase. The results of the study show that:(a) With aging, Djokovic’s technical and tactical characteristics have changed significantly after his return from injury, and the technical and tactical use in the comeback outbreak phase is more comprehensive and proficient compared to the stable development phase;(b) In the serving phase, Djokovic keeps optimizing his serve technique, the changes, and increases the variations in serve from ball speed, rotation, drop point, rhythm and hitting style;(c) In the receiving phase, Djokovic used his excellent receiving ability to increase the aggressiveness of the receiving serve from the way of hitting and the change of the falling point of the receiving serve, increasing the dangerousness of the receiving serve while reducing the disadvantage of the receiving serve phase;(d)Djokovic used his stable baseline holding ability to actively search for attacking opportunities, constantly change the rhythm and drop point, and strengthen the combination of techniques and tactics.