二氧化碳规模化封存典型技术路线解析与产业前景展望

Typical technical roadmap analysis and industry prospect of large-scale CO2 sequestration

化石能源作为当前最主要能源供给形式及CO_(2)排放源,其有序退出需要经历长期过程,且仍将在未来的能源结构中占据一定比例,规模化的碳捕集与碳封存是实现化石能源零碳化利用的兜底路径。本文首先分析了实现碳中和面临的化石能源退出与能源安全保障、区域发展不一致及能源活动参与主体利益不一致3方面的矛盾;从实现碳中和的手段、路径等方面探讨其技术图谱;在分析全球碳封存产业基本现状的基础上,认为规模化是碳封存的必由之路;以粤港澳大湾区3座燃气电厂每年400万t的CO_(2)捕集、输送及海上封存项目为例,阐述中国规模化碳封存典型技术路线,提出分布式、集中式、多种方式协同的CO_(2)液化封存设想,深入分析各方式的经济性,最后提出了规模化海上碳封存发展建议。本文研究可为将来化石能源碳中和路径选择提供一定的参考。

Fossil fuel is the current main energy source for the human beings,which will take a long term to withdraw from the existing energy supply mix in the carbon neutrality process.Fossil fuel will remain a certain percentage in the future energy structure.Large-scale carbon capture and sequestration is the back-up guarantee for fossil fuel to achieve net-zero emission.Firstly,the three contradictions between the withdrawal of fossil energy and energy security,the inconsistency of regional development,and the inconsistency of the interests of energy participants were analyzed.The technical map of carbon neutrality was discussed from the aspects of means and paths to achieve carbon neutrality.Based on the analysis of the basic status of the global carbon sequestration industry,it is believed that scale is the only possible way for carbon sequestration.Taking the 4 million tons per year CO_(2)capture,transmission and offshore sequestration project of three gas-fired power plants in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example,through expounding the typical technical route of large-scale carbon sequestration in China,putting forward the idea of distributed,centralized and multi-mode coordinated CO_(2)liquefaction sequestration and analyzing the economics of each method,the paper put forward the development of large-scale offshore carbon sequestration.This study can provide a certain reference for the selection of carbon neutrality path of fossil energy in the future.