试论382年和约与早期拜占庭帝国的战略安全

On the Treaty of 382 A.D.and the Strategic Safety of the Early Byzantine Empire

早期拜占庭帝国东部地区统治者瓦伦斯于378年在亚德里亚堡死于同哥特人的战役之中。继瓦伦斯为帝国东部皇帝的狄奥多西一世在与哥特人经历战争后,最终于382年同哥特人缔结和约。对该和约于帝国东部边界的“战略安全”影响,学者们意见不一,当时学者和一些近现代学者多认为382年和约对帝国安全构成了重大威胁。然而笔者认为,虽然和约同意哥特人定居于巴尔干半岛北部地区,为哥特人提供了休养生息的机会,但是并未导致当地出现哥特人的独立王国。在382年和约签订后,帝国军队中的哥特人士兵与军官人数的确有所增加,但是并不构成对帝国战略安全的重大威胁,也并没有成为帝国边境防御体系崩溃的直接原因。

Valens,the emperor of the eastern part of the early Byzantine Empire,died in the battle of Adrianople in the hands of the Goths in 378 A.D.Theodosius I,the successor of Valens,made a peace treaty with the Goths in 382 A.D.Scholars have presented different opinions concerning the consequences of this peace treaty to the strategic safety of the eastern frontier of the empire.Among them,some scholars of the early Byzantine Empire and contemporary scholars held that the treaty posed a grave threat to the safety of the empire.This paper argues that first of all,although the Goths were granted land from the Northern Balkan for rehabilitation,this treaty did not create an independent kingdom of the Goths in that area;secondly,there were indeed more Gothic military personals jointed in Byzantine army based on the treaty,but these personals did not turn to be a grave threat to the empire.Moreover,the treaty of 382 A.D.does not constitute an immediate cause to the collapse of the defense system of the empire.