小学德育教科书中道德故事的选用研究

Research on the Selection of Moral Stories in Primary School Moral Educa⁃tion Textbooks

道德故事是德育教科书中的常见内容,也是透视教科书变迁的重要窗口。统编版小学德育教科书中的道德故事在融合历史传统与时代要求、遵循儿童成长规律以及突出同龄人道德陪伴等方面优点显著,但是也存在德目主题分布不均、生活记事偏重、图像功能单一、主角性别失衡等现实问题。对此,教科书编写修订应该有意识地平衡不同伦理范畴叙事,拓展故事题材类型,着力提升图文协同叙事效果,并兼顾对不同性别群体的公正呈现与立体化书写。

Moral stories are not only common content in moral education textbooks,but also an important window to examine the changes of textbooks.It has been found that the moral stories in the textbooks of unified edition show advantages in integrat⁃ing historical traditions and the requirements of the times,following children’s growth patterns,and highlighting the moral com⁃panionship of peers.However,they also have practical problems such as uneven distribution of moral themes,overemphasis on life notes,single image function,and gender imbalance of protagonists.For these problems,when compiling and revising text⁃books,we should consciously balance the different dimensions in moral stories in ethics,expand the types of story themes,strive to improve the effect of narration with better illustrations,and also consider the fair presentation and three-dimensional writing of different gender groups.