家庭收入管理权与中国夫妻的家务劳动分工

Household Income Management Power and Division of Labor in Housework between Chinese Couples

通过分析2012年中国综合社会调查数据,本文考察了家庭收入管理权分配模式对中国夫妻家务劳动分工的影响。结果表明,家庭收入管理权在塑造家务劳动分工方面具有独立作用。在不同家庭收入管理权分配模式的家庭中,拥有收入管理权的妻子通常承担更高比例的家务劳动。此外,收入和收入管理权也交互影响着家务劳动分工。当存在性别资源交换时,男性往往通过收入转移来实现性别分工的专业化,当妻子拥有家庭收入管理权时,丈夫的家务劳动比例随着相对收入增加而显著降低;夫妻双方拥有各自收入的独立管理权时,丈夫的绝对收入提升并不能使其在家务劳动分工中获益。上述研究发现揭示了中国大部分家庭中的家务劳动分工实际上主要是夫妻双方进行性别资源交换的结果,而非经济资源博弈的结果。

Using the 2012 Chinese General Social Survey, this study investigates the impact of the distribution model of household income management power on the division of labor in housework between Chinese husbands and wives. The results show that household income management power is independent in shaping the division of labor in housework. In families with different income management power distribution models, wives with such power usually undertake a higher proportion of housework. In addition, income and income management power also interact with each other in the division of housework. When there is an exchange of gender resources, men often realize the specialization of the gender division of labor through income transfer. When the wife manages the family income, the husband’s housework ratio decreases significantly as the relative income increases;when the husband and wife manage their income independently, the increase in the husband’s absolute income does not benefit him in the division of housework. The above findings reveal that the division of housework in most Chinese families is mainly caused by the exchange of gender resources between husband and wife rather than the result of an economic resource game.