日本野漆树嫁接试验

Experimental study on grafting of Toxicodendron succedaneum

为提高日本野漆树的嫁接成活率,以1年生、2年生、3年生日本野漆树实生苗和以实生苗造林的2年生日本野漆树幼树、9~10年生日本野漆树大树为砧木,以9~10年生优树上枝条为接穗,开展日本野漆树嫁接试验。结果表明:嫁接时间、接口高度、砧木年龄、嫁接方法均对日本野漆树的嫁接成活率有极显著影响(P<0.01)。2月下旬和4月下旬的嫁接成活率分别为90.67%、88.67%,显著高于1月上旬的(57.00%)。以2年生实生苗为砧木时,接口高度为10~15 cm、20~25 cm、30~35 cm处理的嫁接成活率分别为89.67%、78.33%、62.33%,呈依次递减趋势。2年生砧木与3年生砧木的嫁接成活率分别为87.67%、90.67%,显著高于1年生砧木的(61.67%)。以2年生实生苗为砧木时,切接、腹接和劈接的嫁接成活率分别为88.67%、91.00%、51.67%。2月下旬,用切接法换冠嫁接2年生幼树的成活率达93.00%,采用在同一单株上嫁接多个接穗的方法,9~10年生大树换冠嫁接的成功率达到100%。在2月下旬或4月下旬,以2年生实生苗作为砧木,采用切接法或腹接法嫁接,当接口高度为10~15 cm时,嫁接成活率达到90%左右。

In order to improve the grafting survival rate of Toxicodendron succedaneum,the 1-year-old,2-year-old,3-year-old T.succedaneum seedlings,plantation of 2-year-old T.sunedaneum,and 9-10-year-old T.succedaneum trees planted with seedlings were used as rootstocks.The 9-10 year-old branches of superior trees were used as scions to carry out the grafting experiment of T.succedaneum.The results showed that grafting time,interface height,rootstock age and grafting method all had significant effects on the grafting survival rate of T.succedaneum(P<0.01).The graft survival rates in late February and late April were 90.67%and 88.67%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in early January(57.00%).When 2-year-old seedlings were used as rootstocks,the grafting survival rates of 10~15 cm,20~25 cm and 30~35 cm treatments were 89.67%,78.33%and 62.33%,respectively,showing a decreasing trend in turn.The survival rates of 2-year-old rootstocks and 3-year-old rootstocks were 87.67%and 90.67%respectively,which were significantly higher than that of 1-year-old rootstocks(61.67%).When 2-year-old seedlings were used as rootstocks,the survival rates of cut grafting,ventral grafting and split grafting were 88.67%,91.00%and 51.67%respectively.In late February,the survival rate of crown changing grafting by cutting method reached 93.00%,and the success rate of crown changing grafting for 9-10-year-old trees reached 100%when multiple scions were grafted on the same single plant.In late February or late April,2-year-old seedlings were used as rootstocks,and the grafting method was cutting or ventral grafting.When the joint height was 10~15 cm,the survival rate of grafting reached about 90%.